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Psyc2012 > ANOVA > Flashcards

ANOVA Flashcards

1
Q

We use ANOVA instead of multiple t-tests to control the

A

Error rate (familywise error)

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2
Q

What type of error can you make from familywise error?

A

Type 1 - you think there’s an effect when there isn’t

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3
Q

Independent groups ANOVA the level of measurement for the IV is

A

Nominal/caregoric

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4
Q

Independent ANOVA the level of measurement for the DV is

A

Interval

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5
Q

ANOVA produces an ………statistic

A

F

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6
Q

ANOVA compares the

A

Systematic variance to the unsystematic variance

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7
Q

What does k represent?

A

Number if groups

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8
Q

Instead of n-1 for different ANOVA what do we have to do???

A

Take the number of groups I.e. K-3 (3groups)

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9
Q

One way ANOVA assumptions

A

Interval or ratio measurement for DV
Scores randomly sampled from pops if interest
Scores are independent (participants not in multiple groups)
Scores on DV normally distributed
Homogeneity of variance

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10
Q

What test tests homogeneity of variance?

A

Levenes

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11
Q

If levenes test is not sig variances are assumed

A

Equal

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12
Q

If levenes test is sig than variances are assumed

A

Unequal

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13
Q

If normality violated what non parametric test would u use?

A

Kruskal-Wallis

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14
Q

If homo of variance is violated what tests would u use?

A

Brown-forsythe or welch f

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15
Q

What is the grand mean

A

The mean outcome variable of all groups

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16
Q

The bigger the diff between the group means the bigger the difference between the model and the

A

Grand mean

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17
Q

Total variance is the

A

Total sum of squares

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18
Q

Model sum of squares is when the variance is calculated

A

Between groups

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19
Q

Residual sum if squares is where the variance is calculated

A

Within groups

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20
Q

ANOVA simply analyses the

A

Variance in scores to determine the source of that variance

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21
Q

How to calculate SD?

A

Take each score minus the mean. Add up all and the square them

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22
Q

To get the sum of squares SST total we…

A

Take each score from the mean, square it and add them all up

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23
Q

How do you calculate sum of squares SSM for the model?

A

Mean of each group minus the grand mean. Square each of the differences. Then multiply each by the n of participants in that group

24
Q

How to calculate sum of squares residual SSR?

A

Sum of squares total SST minus the Model Sum of Squares SSM

25
Q

How many types of degrees of freedom are there with ANOVA?

A

3

26
Q

Between groups ANOVA df calculated by

A

k-1 (k=n of groups)

27
Q

Within groups ANOVA df calculated

A

N-k (k= n of groups, n = total sample size)

28
Q

How do you work out the within groups df?

A

N (total sample) - k (n of groups)

29
Q

To calculate the mean squares we

A

Take the SSM and divide by its df

30
Q

How is F Calculated

A

F = MSM divide by MSR

31
Q

What happens if F is greater than 1?

A

Indicates the experimental manipulation has some effect above and beyond the effect of extraneous factors

32
Q

If F is sig in an ANOVA it indicates that there are

A

Differences among group means that cannot be attributed to error

33
Q

Sig F does not tell us

A

How big these differences are or if they have practical importance

34
Q

Eta squared is just

A

R squared

35
Q

Eta squared tells us about the

A

Effect size in %

36
Q

Observed power tells us

A

The % at which we would expect to get the same result if the study was replicated

37
Q

Power depends on

A

Effect size
Alpha level
Sample size

38
Q

ANOVA tell about

A

The overall effect. Not between each group etc

39
Q

Ways to make comparisons btwn groups in an ANOVA

A

Priori comparisons

Post-hoc comparisons

40
Q

Priori comparisons are comparisons between group means are devised

A

Before data is collected and the ANOVA performed

41
Q

Examples of priori comparisons

A

Multiple independent groups t-tests
Linear contrasts
Nonferrous t
Sidak test

42
Q

Most common priori comparison

A

Bonferroni

43
Q

What do you do with bonferoni?

A

Take alpha and divide by 3 (amount of groups)

44
Q

Post hoc comparisons are conducted between groups

A

AFTER data collected. Look at means and noted which group means appear diff

45
Q

Common post-hoc tests

A 
Fischers least sig diff
Student-Newman-keuls tests
Tukeys
The Ryan einot Gabriel welch Q procedure
Scheffe test
Dunnets test
46
Q

Post hoc with equal variances assumed generally use

A

Tukey or REGWQ

47
Q

Post hoc unequal variances use

A

Games howell

48
Q

Factorial designs are diff because they look at 2 or more

A

IVs

49
Q

In factorial designs each level of every factor is

A

Paired with each level of every other factor

50
Q

Factorial designs allow us to establish if

A

IVs interact with one another. Does the effect of an IV depend on another IV? Ie does learning time and learning setting depend on each other?

51
Q

A 2x2 ANOVA has

A

Two IVs

52
Q

Factorial designs are also

A

Mixed designs. Comprise of at least one within subjects factor and at least one between subjects factor. Ie new versus old method

53
Q

Mean square is the

A

Sum of squares divided by its degrees of freedom

54
Q

What is a box whisker plot?

A

Graphically depicts groups of numerical data through quartiles (used this in 1012 assign)

55
Q

Box whisker plots don’t show the

A

Mean

Psyc2012 (11 decks)

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