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Psyc2012 > Survey & Questionnaire > Flashcards

Survey & Questionnaire Flashcards

0
Q

Survey measures a particular…

A

Construct

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1
Q

Research methods are ways data is collected to

A

Answer q’s

Test hypotheses

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2
Q

Choice of research methodology is shaped by

A

Epistemological framework (how we can know something)

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3
Q

The choice of data collection is independent of

A

Epistemological framework

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4
Q

Observational research

A

Watching people do stuff

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5
Q

Types of observational research

A 
Fully structured
Naturalistic
Participant
Event sampling
Time sampling
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6
Q

ainsworth strange situation is an example of

A

Fully structured observational research

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7
Q

What does strange situation measure

A

Attachment

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8
Q

Participant observation

A

You might be one of the participant in the situation. Different levels of immersion

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9
Q

Event sampling observation

A

Interested in observing ‘events’ we set up

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10
Q

Time sampling observation

A

Repeated observations over longer period

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11
Q

Fully structured observation pros

A

Systematic data collection
Confounding variables controlled
Constant setting
Replication

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12
Q

Fully structured observations cons

A

Lacks ecological validity (too artificial)
Behaviour spontaneous
Ethical issues

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13
Q

Naturalistic observation pros

A

Good ecological validity
Rich data
Behaviour less subject to demand characteristics (Doing things you think the research wants to see) of setting

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14
Q

Naturalistic observation cons

A

Difficult for observer to be unobtrusive
No control over confounding variables
Difficult to replicate
Ethical issues

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15
Q

Archival research methods

A

Use of already existing documents and records

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16
Q

Types of archival research methods

A 
Census data
Police fines
Clinical records
Organisational record
Newspaper magazines
Letters papers
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17
Q

Archival research pros

A

Data already collected
Cost effective
No ethical review required
Allows investigation of q’s that can be investigated in no other way

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18
Q

Archival research cons

A

Data may not be in format to answer research q
May not include info about variable of interest
May contain different measures used at different times

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19
Q

Case studies are

A

Detailed description of single unit of analysis (person or organisation)
Used to formulate broader research hypothesis/questions

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20
Q

Case study pros

A 
Rich data
Context for behaviour identified
Promotes methodological trigangulation (integration of info from diverse sources)
Can include temporal element (over time)
Facilitate theory generation
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21
Q

Case study cons

A

Does not allow generalisation
Time consuming
Open to researcher “bias”
Ethical issues

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22
Q

Interviews are

A

A conversation aimed towards understanding the experience of another

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23
Q

Interviews can be:

A

Structured
Semi-structured
Unstructured

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24
Q

Interviews are used in ……….. Research

A

Qualitative

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25
Q

The more structure you have in the instrument the more ……….. It is

A

Reliable

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26
Q

Interview structured pros

A

Easy to administer
Easily replicated
Lower influence of interpersonal factors
Simple data analysis

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27
Q

Interview structured cons

A

Participant constrained
Reduced richness of data
Info distorted through poor q wording

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28
Q

Interview unstructured pros

A

Flexible
Rich data
Valid data
Relaxes participant

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29
Q

Interview unstructured cons

A

Unsystematic
Difficult to analyse data
Strongly influenced by interpersonal variables

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30
Q

Focus groups are

A

Discussion-based interview that generates data from group interactions. You are the moderator.

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31
Q

Focus groups aim to

A

Capture understandings, perspectives, stories, discourses and experiences not otherwise meaningfully expressed by numbers

32
Q

Focus group pros

A 
Dynamic
Involves participants in research
Easy to assemble
Economical
Rich data
Good for ppl with lower literacy levels
33
Q

Focus groups cons

A

Required moderator good facilitation skills
Data difficult to analyse
Group processes affect data obtained
Artificial setting

34
Q

Experiments allow the researcher to:

A

Control or manipulate the environment to see effects on human behaviour

35
Q

Experiments include:

A

Variables of interest
Control conditions
Random assignment

36
Q

Experiments aim to

A

Establish that a change in one variable CAUSES a change in another

37
Q

IV is the variable that the

A

Experimenter manipulates

38
Q

DV is the variable the experimenter predicts will be affected by the

A

IV

39
Q

Experiment pros

A

Controls for external influences and affect of confounding variables
Demonstrates causal relationships btwn varables
Accurate measurement of variables
Easy replication

40
Q

Experiment cons

A

Artificial, low ecological validity
Results may not generalise outside of lab
Variables may be narrowly defined and lack construct validity

41
Q

Quasi-experiments explore

A

Relationships btwn variables

42
Q

In Quasi-experiments random assirng to conditions is

A

Not possible

43
Q

Quasi-experiments must have…

A

Pre-existing groups ie male and female groups

44
Q

Quasi-experiment pros

A

Good face validity
Good ecological validity
Economical

45
Q

Quasi-experiments cons

A

No casual relationships established btwn variables

Experimental error more likely

46
Q

Face validity is

A

Appear to measure what we’re trying to measure

47
Q

Pre or no experimental methods are:

A

Non causal (correlation)

48
Q

Causal relationship is:

A

Hot day = better ice cream sales
Hot = more robberies
BUT hot day, ice cream sales and robberies not causality related…

49
Q

Questionnaires

A

Method of data collection

50
Q

Questionnaires allow

A

Collection of data from large numbers of ppl

51
Q

Questionnaires measure something that is

A

Not directly observable ie a theoretical construct

52
Q

Questionnaires provide info on

A

Incidence of some behaviour of interest
Opinions
Beliefs
Attitudes of large no of ppl

53
Q

Survey is

A

Study design where questionnaire is primary focus

54
Q

Items are

A

The questions/statements in questionnaire

55
Q

Scale is

A

Set of items that measures something psychological or not directly measurable (construct)

56
Q

Inventory is

A

Publication of several scales

57
Q

1st general principle for making good questionnaires

A

Checking questionnaire does not already exist

58
Q

2nd questionnaire rule

A

Lenght

59
Q

3rd questionnaire rule

A

Readability

60
Q

4th questionnaire rule

A 
Writing questions 
Open/closed
Language
Response sets
Measurement techniques (ie likert scales, semantic differential)
61
Q

5th questionnaire rule

A

Assessing psychometrics

Ie reliability, validity

62
Q

The longer the questionnaire… The less

A

Reliable (too broad) not focused.

63
Q

Jangles are

A

Different labels for what is the same as something else

64
Q

Jingles

A

Giving constructs the same name

65
Q

Readability got questionnaires grade level is

A

Btwn 7-8 grades

66
Q

4 things to consider when writing questions…

A

Open/closed questions
Language
Response sets
Measurement techniques (likert scales, semantic differential)

67
Q

Open questions are qualitative and responses need to be

A

Analysed in depth

68
Q

Closed responses are

A

Quantative and can be easily analysed

69
Q

5 language rules for questionnaires

A 
Ask 1 q at a time
Avoid ambiguity
Avoid double negatives
Keep neutral
Avoid technical terms and jargon
70
Q

Response sets are

A

How you went about answering the items. Trying to make yourself look as good as possible. Can pollute results.

71
Q

Best way to get around social desirability bias in questionnaires is to

A

Incorporate social desirability scale into questionnaire

72
Q

What is response acquiescence

A

Tendency to agree rather than disagree with statements

73
Q

Combat response acquiescence

A

Change wording so not are all positive and negative

Make q’s unpredictable forcing thought

74
Q

Likert scale is

A
  1. Or 7 point scale. Participants indicate how much they agree or disagree with a statement
75
Q

Likert scales rules

A

Agreement
Symmetrical
Labels are roughly equivalent moving upwards

76
Q

Semantic differential scale

A

Takes a more indirect approach to measuring attitude toward behaviour or event. Participants indicate thoughts/feelings

77
Q

Psychometrics is

A

Area of psychology concerned with the quality of scales and items designed to measure psychological constructs

78
Q

2 psychometric criteria

A

Reliability!

Validity!

Psyc2012 (11 decks)

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