Surveillance Flashcards
Components of Foodnet
Active laboratory based surveillance
Survey of clinical laboritories, physicians and general population
Epidemiologic studies
Cons of active surveillance
Very expensive, labor intensive
Usually done once or intermittently
Sometimes may not be a good representative of the population
Active Surveillance
Involves the committed effort of the veterinary / health authority to identify subjects for data or samples
Cons of targeted surveillance
May not be representative of the population
Objectives of Foodnet
- Determine the burden of foodborne illness in the US
- Monitor trends in the burden of specific foodborne illness over time
- Attribute the burden of foodborne illness to specific foods and settings
- Disseminate information that can lead to improvements in public health and the developement of interventions to reduce the burden of foodborne illness
Dead animals, treatment of sick animals and lost productivity are examples of (direct/indirect) costs.
Direct
Response
Immediate response to disease outbreaks and events is considered part of surveillance
Passive Surveillance
Subission is initiated by and at the discretion of the sample/data provider - veterinary and health authority does very little to select subjects for sampling or information
Cons of Passive Surveillance
Little control over who provides data/samples
Not a representative sample of the population
Won’t work for less valued animals that don’t use veterinary services
If disease is stigmatized farmers won’t report
Types of Surveillance
Passive Surveillance
Active Surveillance
Sentinel Surveillance
Targeted Surveillance
CDC Program
Tracks health problems as they evolve and provide public health officials with data, information and tools
Prepare and coordinate responses to safeguard and improve the health of the american people
BioSense
Cons of sentinel surveillance
May not be representative of the population
Most common type of surveillance
Passive Surveillance
Sentinel Surveillance
Small group is monitored as an indicator of the greater population health or disease risk
Pros of Sentinel surveillance
Less expensive than monitoring the whole population
Often the only method available
Allows intensive, multiple testing - early warning
Foodnet targeted bacteria
Campylobacter
E. coli O157
Listeria
Salmonella
Shigella
Vibrio
Yersinia
Pros of targeted surveilance
Enhance efficiency
Reduced cost
A list of diseases of humans that are reportable at the national level
Each state decides which diseases are reportable within the state
Report via national on line system
National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS)
Surveillance
Systematic continous observation of populations, and collection and analysis of data from many varied sources for rapid detection and timely, appropriate response to importatn health events and production and communication of vaild information about the health and disease status of the population
Categories of Surveillance
Animal Health
Public Health
Biosurveillance
Food Safety Surveillance
Foodnet tracks foodborne illness using
Surveys of physicians and laboratories
Case control studies
Active case finding of targeted pathogens
Created by USDA-APHIS
Collect, analyze and disseminate data on animal health, management and productivity across the US
National Animal Health Monitoring System
Components of Surveillance
Detection
Response
Information Production and Communication
Detection
Observation of a population or collection, analysis and interpretation of data from a population
