Epidemic Curves and Determinants of Disease Flashcards
Shape of the epidemiological curve depends on what factors
Host
Agent
Environment
Characteristics of an epidemic curve of common source with intermittent exposure
Animals exposed at different times
Exposed to the same source
Incubation period not clearly shown
Contagious
Disease transmissible from one human/animal to another via direct or airbone routes
Determinant
Factors that help determine the probability, distribution or severity of a disease in an animal or population of animals
Herd Immunity
Idea that infectious diseases can be contained if the populations resistance to infection is high
Extrinsic determinants of the environment
Demographics
Climate
Housing
Crowding/ Density
Diet
Stress
Primary Determinant
Major contributing factor, usually a necessary one
Genetic diseases are entirely determined by the (genotype/phenotype)
Genotype
Epidemic Curves
Represent the number of new cases of disease over time
Intrinsic determinants of the host
Age
Sex and Behavior
Genotype
Breed
Nutrition
Immunity
Characteristics of an epidemic curve of a propagted source
Exposure followed by waves of secondary and tertiary cases
Contagious disease
T/F: Immunity to the pathogen may be due to inherited or acquired factors.
True
Infectious Disease
Disease caused by the invasion and multiplication of a living agent in / on a host
Latent Period
Microbe is replicating but not yet enough for the host to become infectious
Characteristics of an epidemic curve of common source single point exposure
All animals exposed at once
All are exposed to the same source of infection
Not contangious
Can determine the minimum, average, and maximum incubation period
Extrinsic Determinants
Determinants that are external to the animal
_________________
Housing, Medical Treatment, etc
Extrinisic determinants of the agent may include
Infectivity
Pathogenicity
Virulence
Immunogenicity
Mutation Rate
Resistance
The body being immune to a pathogen is an example of (intrinsic/extrinsic) determinant
Intrinisic
Secondary Determinants
Factors that make the disease more or less likely; predisposing or enabling factors
Giving a vaccine is an example of an (intrinsic/extrinsic) determinant
Extrinsic
What can epidemic curves tell you?
Probable source of outbreak
If pathogen is contagious
If outbreak is ending or will continue
Incubation period
Outliers
Infestation
Invasion, but not multiplication of an organism in/on a host
Intrinsic Determinants
Determinants that are internal to the animal
______________________
Age, Breed, Sex
Incubation Period
Microbe is replicating but not symptomatic yet
Nutrition has a strong effect on ________ function.
Immune
Communicable
Disease caused by agent capable of transmission by direct, airborne, or indirect routes from an infected person, animal or a contaminated inanimate reservoir
Genotype
Term describing the DNA sequence type of an individual
