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RUSVM Small Animal Surgery > Surgical Oncology > Flashcards

Surgical Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

surgery is the most important component of treatment for small animals with _________ tumors

A

Solid

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2
Q

the best chance of curative surgery is _________

A

the first attempt

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3
Q

roles of surgery in caner treatment

A

obtaining a diagnosis - biopsy

curative surgery/long term control

palliation of clinical signs

debulking surgery prior to adjunctive therapy

prevention/reduction of risk recurrence

ancillary procedures (vascular access port placement)

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4
Q

components of physical exam

A

thorough general exam

body mapping - size and location of masses, mobility, consistency

evaluate regional lymph nodes - palpate and measure

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5
Q

cytology can be useful for diagnosing certain ______

A

round cell tumor malignancies

  • for all other tumors interpret cautiously! inflammation may resemble malignancy*
  • if not diagnositic = recommend biopsy*
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6
Q

imaging of primary tumors is important for:

A

intracavitary tumors

firm, non-mobile tumors (Sq, intramuscular and body wall tumors)

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7
Q

CT is used for:

A

more detail for treatment planning, especially 3D reconstructions

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8
Q

what is the gold standard for diagnosing neoplasia

A

biopsies

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9
Q

how does a histopathologic diagnosis help guide treatment

A

type of treatment

extent of treatment

consider location of mass

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10
Q

T/F if the mass is large, you should consider multiple samples from various areas within the mass

A

True!

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11
Q

ideally, biopsy sample should contain ______

A

junction between normal and abnormal tissue

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12
Q

types of biopsies

A

impression smears - ulcerated masses, other exfoliated cells (TCC)

needle core biopsies

punch biopsies

endoscopic/laproscopic

incisional

excisional

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13
Q

when should excisional biopsies be considered

A

best chance of cure is at first surgery

gingival lesions

known to be benign

small (< 5mm)

treatment not altered by tumor type

re-excision possible without great morbidity

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14
Q

indications of incisional biopsy

A

location, size, or tumor type/grade could affect treatment planning

less invasive techniques have not yielded a diagnosis

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15
Q

disadvantages of incisional biospy

A

require a second surgery

may create communication between neoplastic and normal tissue (cell seeding)

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16
Q

T/F ability to close wound should not influence agressiveness if intent is to cure

A

True

must know approproate mrgins for tumor type

17
Q

what should be done before closing with surgical oncology

A

lavage tissues, change gloves and instruments, and lavage again

18
Q

what should be avoided if possible with surgical oncology

A

use of drains

19
Q

T/F removal of normal tissue completely around mass is indicated for most tumors

A

True

exceptions: benign masses with low risk of recurrence; masses in body cavities

20
Q

excision classifications

A

intracapsular

marginal/cytoreductive

wide

radical

21
Q

characteristics of wide excision

A

removal of 2-3cm normal tissue 3-D (metric approach)

removal of 2-3cm of normal tissue laterally and 1 fascial plane deep (metric/barrier hybrid)

22
Q

when is marginal/cytireductive excision used

A

lipomas and benign masses

malignant lesion - goal is microscopic disease

23
Q

margins for wide excision should be based on

A

imaging and histopathology report from biopsy - grade, mitotic index, degree of differentiation

24
Q

what type of tumors should be removed with wide margins

A

mast cell tumors (high grade)

soft tissue sarcomas - higher grade tumors more likely to recur locally and/or metastisize; vaccine assiciated sarcomas

25
Q

when is cytoreductive surgery performed

A

enhance efficacy of other treatments

26
Q

T/F if a tumor is “fixed” to a structure, assume that tissue is invaded and remove it also

A

True

27
Q

what types of tumors is local LN excision prognostic for

A

mammary carcinoma

mast cell tumors

apocrine gland adenocarcinoma of the anal sac

28
Q

T/F palliative treatment will improve quality of life but not extend life or alter course of disease

A

True

with adjuvant therapy disease prgression may be slowed in some cases

29
Q

surgical margins be identified by ____

A

dye covering excised area

sutures

excising additional tissues from surgical bed

30
Q

how long should ink be allowed to dry before fixing

A

1 hour

31
Q

when can immunohistochemistry be useful

A

determining cell of origin as tumors becomes less differentiated

32
Q

what can you do if your margins are “dirty”

A

wait and see depending on remainder of report

re-excision with margins based on surgical scar

adjunctive therapy - chemo, radiation

RUSVM Small Animal Surgery (41 decks)

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