surgical instruments Flashcards
what are surgical instuments commonly made of?
surrgical steel - resistant to corrosion
what does the gold handles on an insturment mean?
instruments have tungsten carbide implants which are particularly strong and used as blades or for gripping.
when ar scalpels used?
to cut the skin or to cut internal tissue when you dont want to crush the tisuse with scisors
what are the three most common blades sured in small animal surger?
No 10, 11, 15
when is a no 10 blade used?
most common used - cutting edge with a large convex surface
when is a no 11 blade used?
stab incissions into hollow visera such as bladder or stomach
when is a no 15 blade used?
precise cuts such as ureethrostomoies - more delicate with smaller convex cutting edge
how is the scalpel held?
in a pen hold grip for stable and accurate cut or a palm/power grip for thicker and tougher tissue to be cut
what is the difference betweenthe scalple handle used in smalland large animals?
small used smaller no 3 handle large used larger no 4 handle
what are scissors used for?
cutting of tissue or for blunt dissection
what are the name and use of these scissors?
mayo - heavy duty, cutting thick tissue eg linea alba
what are the name and use of these scissors?
Metzenbaum scissors - are delicate scissors for use in subcutaneous tissues and viscera.
They can be straight or curved. The latter allow better visualisation of the tissue being dissected
what are the name and use of these scissors?
Suture (cutting) scissors - are used to cut sutures.
Their blunt ended top blade means that they are less likely to inadvertently cut tissue when cutting the sutures.
what are the name and use of these scissors?
Iris scissors- have two sharp tips. They are used when fine cuts are required such as during a feline urethrostomy.
what are the two ways to hold scissors?
tripod grip and reverse grip
what is the benifit of palming off ringed instuments?
allows the other digits of the hand to be used
what are the three common needle holders used?
- Mayo Hegar,
- Olsen Hegar
- Gillie
what type of needle holders are these ?
olsen hegar (with tungsten carbide implants)
what type of needle holders are these?
mayo hegar
(no scissor)
what type of needle holders are these?
Gillies (with tungsten carbide implants)
(non-ratchet)
what are treves rat toothed forceps used for?
heavy duty with a single tooth interdigitating with two on the opposing tip. These can be traumatic to the tissues but very secure to pick up tissue with
what are dressing forceps?
these are for applying dressings, have no ‘rat-teeth’ and are particularly traumatic to tissues as pressure is needed if used for this purpose
what are adson rat-tooth forceps?
these are fine forceps with a small rat tooth grip
what are debakey forceps and what are they used for?
these have longitudinal and transverse serrations. Originally designed for vascular use they are the least traumatic of the thumb forceps
what type of forceps are these?
treves rat toothed forceps
what type of forceps are these?
dressing forceps
what type of forceps are these?
adson rat-tooth forceps
what type of forceps are these?
debakey forceps
what is the porpose of harmostatic forceps?
to occlude blood vessels and prevent haemorrhage
- either straight or curved and come in varitet of sizes with differing patternes of interdigitations at thier tips
what are the common types of haemostatic forceps?
Halsted mosquito, Spencer Wells and Carmalt
what type of haemostatic forceps are these?
Halsted mosquito
what type of haemostatic forceps are these?
halsted mosquito
what type of haemostatic forceps are these?
spencer wells
what type of haemostatic forceps are these?
carmalt
what type of tissue forceps are these and what is their use?
Allis – relatively traumatic and should not be applied to the skin
what type of tissue forceps are these and what is their use?
Babcock – triangular shape at the end with longitudinal striations. Are less traumatic but have a tendency to slip
what type of tissue forceps are these and what is their use?
Doyen – use to manipulate bowel. These are atraumatic. They can come with a red rubber tubing coverings to the jaws. These should be removed
what is the purpose of retrators?
They are designed to improve visibility or exposure allowing for easier and more accurate surgery
Placing tissues under tension reduces bleeding and allows easier cutting and dissection
can be self-retaining or handheld
what is this an example of?
abdominal retractor - balfour - self retaining (threepoint retractor with prevents rotation)
what is this an example of?
Thoracic retractor – Finchietto with a ratchet mechanism that can gradually retract ribs (two-point retractor).
what is this an example of?
Gelpi retractor – most widely used and often placed in pairs at right angles. (self retaining)
what is this an example of?
Travers retractor – less prone to swiveling due to multiple teeth but can not be placed in such small areas as the Gelpi.
what type of hand held retrator is this?
senn
what type of hand held retrator is this?
lagenbeck
what type of hand held retrator is this?
hohman (often used in orthopeadics)
what type of hand held retrator is this?
malleable (can be bent into shape depending on operation)
what type of towel clamp is this?
backhaus
what type of towel clamp is this?
cross over towel clamp
