Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Small Animal Surgery > Surgical Disorders of the Stomach > Flashcards

Surgical Disorders of the Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

What is often the main reason we perform a exploratory celiotomy?

A

Gastric FB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the most dangerous bones for dogs?

Why?

A

Pork bones

tend to shatter & make spicules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What animals are more likely to present with Gastric FBs?

A

Young animals

dog > cat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of FBs do cats like to get?

A

Linear FBs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

C/S of Gastric FBs

A
  • Abdominal pain
  • Vomiting
  • Anorexia + wt. loss
  • Melena or hematemesis
    • due to mucosal erosion, ulceration or necrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

C/S of Incomplete/Intermittent obstruction?

A
  • Less frequent vomiting
    • Gastric or pyloric vomiting
  • Less severe H2O & electrolyte deficiets
  • Anorexia & wt. loss may be the predominant signs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What Lab results may suggest a Gastric FB?

A
  • Metablic alkalosis
  • Hypochloremia
  • Hypokalemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How can you remove a Gastric FB?

(2)

A
  • Endoscopy
    • small, light wt., smooth soft material (fabric)
  • Gastrotomy
    • heavy, sharp or rough surfaced objects (balls, bones, toys)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What should you always do before performing an exploratory celiotomy to remove a gastric FB?

A

Take rads!!!

(b/c things may have moved)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe what happens w/ Pyloric Hypertrophy/Stenosis.

Who gets it more frequently?

A
  • Have abnormal narrowing of the pyloric lumen → causes partial obstruction → prevents bolus from entering the duodenum
  • Dogs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which layer of the pylorus is involved in Congenital Pyloric Hypertrophy/Stenosis?

A

Muscular layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What layers of the pylorus are affected in Acquired Pyloric Hypertrophy/Stenosis?

A

Mucosal or muscular layer

(rarely, the pyloric antrum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Signalment of Congenital Pyloric Hypertrophy/Stenosis?

A
  • young animals (≈ 6-8 wks)
  • Brachycephalic dog breeds
  • Siamese Cats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

HX & C/S of Congenital Pyloric Hypertrophy/Stenosis?

A
  • HX
    • once wean → vomit 24 hr. after eating
    • + ravenous appetite
  • C/S
    • Emaciation
    • Stunted growth
    • Dehydrated
    • Aspiration → + fever, + increased lung sounds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some lab abormalities that point towards Congenital Pyloric Hypertrophy/Stenosis?

A
  • Malnutrition:
    • Hypoproteinemia; Anemia; low BUN; hypoglycemia
  • Pyloric vomiting:
    • Dehydration; Hypochloremia; Metabolic alkalosis
  • Aspiration pneumonia:
    • Elevated WBCs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When is presence of barium in the stomach considered ABNORMAL?

(time interval)

A

beyond 8-12 hrs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Signalment for Acquired Pyloric Hypertrophy/Stenosis?

A

Middle aged, excitable small breed DOGS

(Lhasa Apso & Shih Tzu)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

HX & C/S of Acquired Pyloric Hypertrophy/Stenosis?

A
  • HX
    • Intermittent vomiting that increases in frequency
      • not always associated w/ feeding
    • Wt. loss
    • Occasionally → anemia, depression, reduced activity
  • C/S
    • Pale MM
    • Emaciated & weak
    • Dehydration
    • Hypochloremic Metabolic Alkalosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

TX of Pyloric Hypertrophy/Stenosis?

(4 options)

A
  • Pyloromyotomy
  • Pyloroplasty
  • Gastroduodenostomy
  • Gastrojejunostomy

(MUST DO SX, need to be experienced)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What surgical techniques can be used to repair Congenitial Pyloric Stenosis?

A

Fredet-Ramstedt Pyloromyotomy

Heineke-Mikulicz Pyloroplasty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the advantages of the Fredet-Ramstedt Pyloromyotomy?

A
  • Quick & easy to perform
  • Lumen of pylorus is NOT opened
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Disadvantages of Fredet-Ramstedt Pyloromyotomy?

A
  • ONLY treats congenital form
  • Stenosis may reoccur once seromuscular incision heals
    • To avoid →Take a strip of muscularis & serosa during SX
      • makes it more difficult to heal back
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Advantages of Heineke-Milkulicz Pyloroplasty?

A
  • TXs both forms of pyloric stenosis
  • Exposes mucosa → can get BX
  • Less chance of stenosis reoccuring
24
Q

Disadvantages of Heineke-Milkulicz Pyloroplasty?

A
  • Open the lumen
  • Not ususally very effective for Acquired form
25
What the best surgical prodecure for correcting **Acquired** Pyloric **Hyper**trophy/Stenosis?
Y-U Advanced Flap Pyloroplasty
26
Advantages of **Y-U Advanced Flap Pyloroplasty**? (3)
* Good exposure of the *mucosa* * Can resect redundant *mucosa* & *submucosa* → 1 layer closure * **Greater expansion of the pylorus**
27
Disadvantages of **Y-U Advanced Flap Pyloroplasty**
* Lumen in opened * **More lengthy procedure (time)**
28
**Which SX technique involves Non-Pentrating SX?**
**Fredet-Ramdstedt Pyloromyotomy**
29
Why must the flap have a very wide base? (for the Y-U Advanced Flap Pyloroplasty)
To maintain a good blood supply & prevent perforation
30
Why would you use a **Billlroth I** Surgical procedure? (Plyorectomy + Gastro*duodenostomy*)
* **Severe acquired** Pyloric Hypertrohpy * Necrosis of the pylorus * Neoplasia
31
Main advantage of the **Billroth I** Surgical Technique?
Large increase in size of the pyloric opening
32
Where do you excise the pylorus & proximal dueodenum in the Billroth I Technique?
between the clamps
33
Indications for a Partial Gastrectomy?
* Neoplasia * Ischemic injury * most commonly occurs @ the Greature Curvature * If greater & less curvatures are involved → White House * Penetrating injury
34
What vessels are important to ligate when performing a **Partial Gastrectomy?**
Branches of the gastroepiploic vessels
35
What is the most commong **Malignant** gastric neoplasm in **dogs**? Signalment?
* Adenocarcinoma * Males \> females * ~ 8 years old
36
What is the most common malignant gastric tumor in **cats**?
Lymphosarcoma
37
Where are malignant gastric neoplasms commonly located?
**Lesser curvature** pyloric antrum
38
What Radiographic finding is suggestive of a tumor in the Pyloric Antrum?
"Apple-core" lesion
39
DDX for tumors in the pyloric antrum? | (2)
Pyloric Hypertrophy/Stenosis **Pythiosis**/Phycomycosis
40
Who typically gets Pythiosis? Why do we care?
* hunting dogs * animals in the Gulf States * mimics invasive carcinoma * Can extend to the pancreas, omentm, LN or contiguous viscera * Must remove surgically
41
Where are the 3 primary sites of metatsis for Gastric Adenocarcinoma?
1. **Regional LN (70-80%)** 2. **Liver** 3. **Lungs**
42
What is the term for a firm, white 1º neoplasm on the serosal surface?
Scirrhous
43
What is the term for 1º neoplasm that is expansile w/ central crater & ulceration on the **mucosal** surface?
Infiltrative
44
Why would you perform a **Billroth II**? | (Pylorectomy + Gastro**jejunostomy**)
**Neoplasia** or Necrosis
45
Are there Non-Surgical Treatments for Gastric Neoplasia?
NO * No effective Chemo for adenocarcinoma * Gastric lymphosarc doesn't respond to chemo * Radiation is too harmful to surrounding delicate tissues
46
Prognosis for Gastric Neoplasia?
* Adenoma → cure w/ complete excision * Leiomyoma/Leimyosarc → 1 yr * **Adenocarcinoma → 6 m.**
47
Protrusion of abdominal esophagus, gastro-esophageal jxn & sometimes a portion of the gastric fundus through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the cranial mediastinum/thoracic cavity
Hiatal hernia
48
**What is the usual cause of Hiatal Hernias?**
**Congenital abnormality of the esophageal hiatus** (especially the phrenicosplenic ligament)
49
**Which dog breeds are pre-disposed to hiatal hernias?**
**Shar-Pei** **Bulldogs** **(Males)**
50
**What's a good DX test for Hiatal Hernias?** Why?
* **Fluoroscopy** →see motion/mvment of a displaced esophagus * Rads
51
**When do you surgically repair a Hiatal Hernia?**
**Only for symptomatic patients** (vomiting, regurgitation, gastric esophageal reflux)
52
**Which side of the fundus is attached to the body wall in a Gastropexy to TX a Hiatal Hernia?**
**LEFT side of the fundus**
53
**Which side of the fundus is attached to the body wall in Gastropexy to TX GDV?**
**RIGHT side of the fundus**
54
**When is a Nissen Fundoplication indicated?**
**Only if gastric reflux & esophagitis are present** **(used to stop reflux)**
55
Which nerve must you avoid when performing a Nissen Fundoplication?
Vagus n.

Small Animal Surgery (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions