Surgical asepsis Flashcards
What is asepsis?
Making free from disease-producing organisms
What factors affect integumentary function?
Circulation Nutrition Condition of the epidermis Allergy Mechanical forces Trauma
What are the 4 phases of wound healing?
Hemostasis
Inflammatory phase
Proliferative phase
Maturation phase
What happens in the hemostasis phase of wound healing?
Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, clot formation
What happens in the inflammatory phase of wound healing?
Vasodilation and phagocytosis
What happens in the proliferative phase of wound healing?
Fibroblasts create granulation tissue and recreate other missing portions of the skin
Partial thickness vs. full thickness
Partial thickness - epithelialization
Full thickness - granulation tissue (deeper than epithelial tissue)
What happens in the maturation phase of wound healing?
Skin matures
Takes 3 weeks - 2 years
What is the primary intention type of wound healing?
Surgical incisions Little or no risk of tissue loss Wound edges approximate Risk of infection is low Minimal scarring
What is the secondary intention type of wound healing?
Wounds with full thickness loss
Edges don’t approximate
Scarring more prevalent
What is the tertiary intention type of wound healing?
Delay between injury and wound closure
Deeper, wider scarring is common
What are the 6 parts of wound assessment?
Type Location Size Classification Base Drainage
What are the 4 types of drainage?
Serous
Serosanguineous
Sanguineous
Purulent
What are some signs and symptoms of infection?
Purulent drainage Fever Redness around the area Swelling Streaking (infection has gotten into blood vessel)
What is a Jackson-Pratt drain?
Drain sutured at surgical site
Looks like a hand grenade
What is a penrose drain?
“Flat, spaghetti tube”
What is a Hemovac drain?
Looks like an accordion
Must be flattened with top closed so it expands as it’s filled
What are some factors that affect wound healing?
Nutrition Circulation and oxygenation Immune cellular function Age Obesity Smoking Medications Stress Nature of injury Infection Local wound environment
What are 6 complications of wound healing?
Hemorrhage and interstitial fluid loss Hematoma Infection Dehiscence (wound separation) Evisceration (protrusion of viscera) Fistula (abnormal passage between 2 organs)
What is debridement?
Removal or foreign material or dead tissue
What are 5 types of dressings?
Transparent films Polyurethane foams Hydrocolloid/hydrogels Alginate dressing Wound vac system
What is a transparent film?
Transparent film dressing
Semipermeable
What is a polyurethane foam?
Partial/full wound
Provide absorption and protection
What is a hydrocolloid/hydrogel dressing?
Encourage granulation
Assist with autolytic debridement
What is an alginate dressing?
Derived from seaweed
Forms gel when it comes into contact
What is a wound vac system?
Negative pressure therapy
For open wounds/hard to heal wounds
What are the stages of pressure ulcer?
Stage 1: intact skin
Stage 2: shallow open ulcer
Stage 3: full-thickness tissue loss. No bone visible
Stage 4: full thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon, or muscle
