Surgical asepsis

Question 1

What is asepsis?

Answer 1

Making free from disease-producing organisms

Question 2

What factors affect integumentary function?

Answer 2

Circulation
Nutrition
Condition of the epidermis
Allergy
Mechanical forces
Trauma

Question 3

What are the 4 phases of wound healing?

Answer 3

Hemostasis
Inflammatory phase
Proliferative phase
Maturation phase

Question 4

What happens in the hemostasis phase of wound healing?

Answer 4

Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, clot formation

Question 5

What happens in the inflammatory phase of wound healing?

Answer 5

Vasodilation and phagocytosis

Question 6

What happens in the proliferative phase of wound healing?

Answer 6

Fibroblasts create granulation tissue and recreate other missing portions of the skin

Question 7

Partial thickness vs. full thickness

Answer 7

Partial thickness - epithelialization

Full thickness - granulation tissue (deeper than epithelial tissue)

Question 8

What happens in the maturation phase of wound healing?

Answer 8

Skin matures

Takes 3 weeks - 2 years

Question 9

What is the primary intention type of wound healing?

Answer 9

Surgical incisions
Little or no risk of tissue loss
Wound edges approximate 
Risk of infection is low
Minimal scarring

Question 10

What is the secondary intention type of wound healing?

Answer 10

Wounds with full thickness loss
Edges don’t approximate
Scarring more prevalent

Question 11

What is the tertiary intention type of wound healing?

Answer 11

Delay between injury and wound closure

Deeper, wider scarring is common

Question 12

What are the 6 parts of wound assessment?

Answer 12

Type
Location
Size
Classification
Base
Drainage

Question 13

What are the 4 types of drainage?

Answer 13

Serous
Serosanguineous
Sanguineous
Purulent

Question 14

What are some signs and symptoms of infection?

Answer 14

Purulent drainage
Fever
Redness around the area
Swelling
Streaking (infection has gotten into blood vessel)

Question 15

What is a Jackson-Pratt drain?

Answer 15

Drain sutured at surgical site

Looks like a hand grenade

Question 16

What is a penrose drain?

Answer 16

“Flat, spaghetti tube”

Question 17

What is a Hemovac drain?

Answer 17

Looks like an accordion

Must be flattened with top closed so it expands as it’s filled

Question 18

What are some factors that affect wound healing?

Answer 18

Nutrition
Circulation and oxygenation
Immune cellular function
Age
Obesity
Smoking
Medications
Stress
Nature of injury
Infection
Local wound environment

Question 19

What are 6 complications of wound healing?

Answer 19

Hemorrhage and interstitial fluid loss
Hematoma
Infection
Dehiscence (wound separation)
Evisceration (protrusion of viscera)
Fistula (abnormal passage between 2 organs)

Question 20

What is debridement?

Answer 20

Removal or foreign material or dead tissue

Question 21

What are 5 types of dressings?

Answer 21

Transparent films
Polyurethane foams
Hydrocolloid/hydrogels
Alginate dressing
Wound vac system

Question 22

What is a transparent film?

Answer 22

Transparent film dressing

Semipermeable

Question 23

What is a polyurethane foam?

Answer 23

Partial/full wound

Provide absorption and protection

Question 24

What is a hydrocolloid/hydrogel dressing?

Answer 24

Encourage granulation

Assist with autolytic debridement

Question 25

What is an alginate dressing?

Answer 25

Derived from seaweed

Forms gel when it comes into contact

Question 26

What is a wound vac system?

Answer 26

Negative pressure therapy

For open wounds/hard to heal wounds

Question 27

What are the stages of pressure ulcer?

Answer 27

Stage 1: intact skin
Stage 2: shallow open ulcer
Stage 3: full-thickness tissue loss. No bone visible
Stage 4: full thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon, or muscle