Surgical

Question 1

What are the structure under the inguinal ligament in order from medial to lateral?

Answer 1

L E V A N
Lacunar ligament
Empty space ( femoral canal)
Vein femoral
Artery femoral
Nerve femoral

Question 2

What are the complications of. Pancreatic paeudocysts?

Answer 2

1. Expansion and compression of surrounding structures leading to duodenal and biliary obstruction
2. Fistula formation into adjacent viscera, pleural space and pericardium
3. Spontaneous infection
4. Digestion of adjacent vessels leading to pseudo aneurysm and bleeding into GI tract via the pancreatic duct
5. Pancreatic pleural effusion
6. Pancreatic peritonitis

Question 3

What are the commonest causes of acute pancreatitis?

Answer 3

1. Gallstones
2. Binge alcohol drinking
3. Hypertriglyceridemia
4. Post ERCP

Question 4

What is the most common cause of small bowel obstruction?

Answer 4

Post op adhesions

Question 5

What are the 2nd and 3rd commonest causes of small bowel obstruction?

Answer 5

1. Malignant tumors
2. Hernias

Question 6

What are the commonest causative organisms for acute cholangitis?

Answer 6

1.E coli
2. Klebsiella
3. Enterobacter
4. Enterococcus

Question 7

Is hemorrhoid bleeding painful or painless?

Answer 7

Painless

Question 8

What is the first imaging modality used to diagnose small bowel obstruction?

Answer 8

Abdominal plain X-rays
Supine and erect

Question 9

What is the most accurate imaging modality to diagnose small bowel obstruction?

Answer 9

CT abdomen

Question 10

What is the treatment for CMV esophagitis?

Answer 10

1.IV ganciclovir or valganciclovir
2. If not responding, combine with Foscarnet