Neuro

Question 1

What are the autonomic symptoms in cluster headaches?

Answer 1

1. Ptosis
2. Miosis
3. Conjunctival injection
   4: Lacrimation
4. Rhinorrhea
5. Nasal congestion

Question 2

What is the initial treatment of cluster headaches?

Answer 2

1. 100% O2 via tightly sealed face mask
2. If not responding
   Sumatriptan IM or intranasal
   Dihydroergoramine IM
   Lidocaine IN

Question 3

What is the preventive treatment for cluster headaches?

Answer 3

1. Verapamil
2. 2nd line- methysergate
   Corticosteroids
   Lithium

Question 4

What’s the most commonly injured nerve in the surgeries done in lithotomy position?

Answer 4

Common perineal nerve

Question 5

What are the muscles innervated by the deep and superficial branches of the common peroneal nerve?

Answer 5

1. Tibilalis anterior
2. Extensor digotorum longus
3. Extensor hallucis longus
4. Peroneus longus
5. Peroneus brevis
6. Peroneus tertius

Question 6

Which cranial nerve supplies muscles of mastication?

Answer 6

Trigeminal nerve - mandibular division

Question 7

Which nerves carry taste sensations of the tongue and general sensations of the tongue?,

Answer 7

Taste - cranial nerves 7, 9, 10
General - cranial nerve 5

Question 8

What is suspected with both upper and lower motor neuron features on the same side of the body with intact sensation?

Answer 8

Motor neurone disease, most probably amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 9

What is the commonest mortar neuron disease?

Answer 9

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 10

What are the diagnostic investigations for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?

Answer 10

EMG electromyography
Nerve conduction studies

Question 11

Examples for upper motor neuron sign?

Answer 11

1.Spasticity
2.Brisk tendon reflexes
3.Loss of dexterity
4.Muscle spasms
5.Abnormal reflexes example Babinski Hoffman Chaddock

Question 12

Examples for lower motor neuron science?

Answer 12

1.Fasciculations
2.Muscle atrophy
3.Depressed reflexes
4.Foot drop and wrist drop
5.Breathing difficulties

Question 13

What are the most common initial symptoms of myasthenia gravis?

Answer 13

1 drooping eyelids
2. Double vision

Question 14

What are the most common sites of metastasis of melanoma?

Answer 14

1. Brain.
2. Lung.

Question 15

What are the common malignancies metastasizing to the brain?

Answer 15

1. Melanoma
2. Breast cancer.
3. Lung cancer.

Question 16

What is Bell’s palsy?

Answer 16

Unexplained episode of facial muscle weakness
Last for 48 hours
Acute in onset

Question 17

What is an acoustic neuroma?

Answer 17

Benign tumor arising from the vestibular cochlear nerve
It is the most common tumor at the at the cerebellopontine angle

Question 18

What is the characteristic feature of common peroneal nerve injury?

Answer 18

Impaired dorsiflexion of the foot

Question 19

What is the inheritance pattern of Huntington’s disease?

Answer 19

Autosomal dominant

Question 20

What is the inheritance pattern of Huntington’s disease?

Answer 20

Autosomal dominant

Question 21

What are the eligibility criteria for genetic testing for Huntington’s disease?

Answer 21

1. The person should be over 18 years of age.
2. They is at least one blood relative with definite diagnosis of Huntington’s disease

Question 22

What is the trial of symptoms in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy?

Answer 22

1. Myoclonic jerks
2. Generalized tonic- clonic seizures.
3. Absence seizures.

Question 23

What are the drugs causing drug induced parkinsonism?

Answer 23

1.Typical antipsychotics (phenothiazines – chlorpromazine, haloperidol)
2. Metoclopramide
3. Calcium channel blockers.
4. Atypical antipsychotics.
5. Antiepileptics.

Question 24

What nerve injury causes isolated impairment of thumb opposition?

Answer 24

Median nerve injury at the wrist

Question 25

Which nerve causes extension of thumb and other fingers?

Answer 25

Radial nerve

Question 26

Which muscles cause abduction of other fingers? What is the nerve supply?

Answer 26

Dorsal interossei supplied by ulnar nerve

Question 27

Which muscle causes adduction of the thumb?

Answer 27

Adductor policis and adductor digiti minimize, supplied by the ulnar nerve

Question 28

What are the 2 main muscles involved in grip? What is the nerve supply?

Answer 28

Adductor policis
Dorsal interosseous muscle of the index finger
Supplied by ulnar nerve

Question 29

What sign is seen in ulnar nerve damage?

Answer 29

Froment’s sign

Question 30

What is Froment’s sign?

Answer 30

When a patient with ulnar injury is asked to grasp a piece of paper between the thumb and the lateral aspect of the index finger, loss of power to adductor policies muscle will cause flexion of the distal thumb as the flexor pollicis longus compensate.

Question 31

In which nerve damage can you see the failure to make the OK sign?

Answer 31

Anterior interosseous nerve damage

Question 32

Which muscles are involved in the tip to tip pinching off thumb and index finger?

Answer 32

1 flexor policis longus for flexion of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb
2. Flexor digitorum profundus for flexion of the distal, interphalangeal joint of the index finger
Both are supplied by the anterior interosseous nerve which is a branch of the median nerve

Question 33

Which muscles are involved in extension of the wrist?

Answer 33

Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum

Supplied by the radial nerve around the elbow

Question 34

Which nerve supplies, all muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm, except for flexor carpi ulnaris?

Answer 34

Median nerve
Also supplies the thenar eminence muscles and the first two lumbricals

Question 35

Which nerve supplies all interossei muscles of the hand?

Answer 35

Ulnar nerve

Question 36

In which nerve damage can you see impaired flexion of fourth and fifth fingers and impaired wrist flexion??

Answer 36

Ulnar nerve