Surgery Signs, Triads, ETC you should know

Question 1

What are the ABCDEs of melanoma?

Answer 1

Asymmetric
Border irregularities
Color variation
Diameter >0.6 cm and dark color
Evolution

Question 2

Columnar Metaplasia of the distal esophagus (GERD related)

Answer 2

Barrett’s esophagus

Question 3

Echymosis over the mastoid process in patients with basilar skull fracture

Answer 3

Battle’s sign

Question 4

Seen in px with Cardiac Tamponade:
JVD
Decreased or muffled heart sounds
Hypotension

Answer 4

Beck’s Triad

Question 5

Seen in fat emboli syndrome:
Mental status changes
Petechiae
Dyspnea

Answer 5

Bergman’s Triad

Question 6

Metastatic disease to the rectouterine(pouch of douglas) or rectovesical pouch creating a “shelf” that is palpable on rectal exam

Answer 6

Blumer’s shelf

Question 7

Right subscapular pain resulting from cholelithiasis

Answer 7

Boas’ sign

Question 8

In gastric volvulus:
Emesis followed by retching
Epigastric distension
Failure to pass an NGT

Answer 8

Borchardt’s triad

Question 9

In carcinoid syndrome:
Flushing
Diarhea
RHF

Answer 9

Carcinoid Triad

Question 10

Seen in cholangitis:
Fever
Jaundic
Right upper quadrant pain

Answer 10

Charcot’s Triad

Question 11

Twitching of facial mucles upon tapping the facial nerve in patietnts with hypocalcemia

Answer 11

Chovsteck’s sign…CHeeek

Question 12

Enlarged nontender gallbladder seen in obstrucion of the common bile duct, most commonly with pancreatic cancer

Answer 12

Courvisier’s law

Question 13

Bluish discoloration of the periumbilical area due to retroperitoneal hemorrhage tracking around to the anterior abdominal wall through fascial planes (e.g., acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis)

Answer 13

Cullen’s Sign

Question 14

Signs of increased intracranial pressure:

1. Hypertension
2. Bradycardia
3. Irregular respirations

Answer 14

Cushing’s triad

Question 15

Empty right lower quadrant in children with ileocecal intussusception

Answer 15

Dance Sign

Question 16

Ecchymosis and discoloration of the flank in patients with retorperitoneal hemorrhage

Answer 16

Grey Turner’s sign

Question 17

Crunching sound on auscultation of the heart resulting from emphysematous mediastinum; seen with Boerhaave’s syndrome, pneumomediastinum, etc.

Answer 17

Hamman’s Sign

Question 18

Calf pain on forced dorsiflexion of the foot in DVT patients

Answer 18

Homan’s sign

Question 19

Severe left shoulder pain in patients with splenic rupture

Answer 19

Kehr’s sign

Question 20

Metastatic tumor to the ovary form classically a gastric CA

Answer 20

Krukenburg tumor

Question 21

2% of the population have this
2% symptomatic
2 feet fro the ileocecal valve

Answer 21

Meckels’s rule of twos

Question 22

Lower quadrant pain due to ovulation

Answer 22

Mittelschmerz

Question 23

Cessation of inspiration while palpating under the right costal margin

Answer 23

Murphy’s sign

Question 24

Pain upon internal rotation of the leg with hip and knee flexed; in AP patients

Answer 24

Obturator

Question 25

Palpitation
Headache
episodic diaphoresis

Answer 25

Pheocromocytoma symptoms

Question 26

Pheocromocytoma rule of 10s

Answer 26

10% bilateral
10% children
10% extra adrenal
10% with multiple tumors

Question 27

Bilateral black eyes as a result of basilar fracture

Answer 27

Raccon eyes

Question 28

Fever
Jaundice
RUQ pain
Mental status changes
Shock/sepsis

Answer 28

Reynaud’s pentad

Question 29

LLQ palpation resultin gpain in the RLQ

Answer 29

Rovsing’s sign

Question 30

Metatstatic tumor to the umbilical lymph

Answer 30

Sister Mary Joseph

Question 31

Metastatic tumor to left supraclavicular node

Answer 31

Virchow’s node

Question 32

Virchow’s triad

Answer 32

Risk factor for thrombosis
Stais
Abdnormal endothelium
Hypercoaguability