Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SR > Clinical Microvignettes > Flashcards

Clinical Microvignettes Flashcards

1
Q

60-year-old woman with long-term estrogen replacement therapy with new onset of vaginal bleeding

A

Endometrial carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

8-year-old boy with acute scrotal pain; a small “blue dot” is seen through the scrotal skin

A

Testicular appendage torsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

22-year-old woman with acute onset of lower abdominal pain, hypotension, tachycardia, adnexal mass, and free uid on vaginal ultrasound?

A

Ectopic pregnancy rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

70-year-old male retired leather worker, cigarette smoker; presents with painless gross hematuria

A

Bladder transitional cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

22-year-old male who develops a right scrotal hydrocele with elevated serum β-HCG

A

Testicular Cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

28-year-old woman involved in a high-speed, side-impact motor vehicle collision (MVC); stable vital signs; chest x-ray reveals widened mediastinum

A

Toracic aortic injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

55-year-old woman with diabetes, recurrent pyelonephritis, increased creatinine, increased BUN; IVP reveals radiolucent defects in the kidney collecting system

A

Papillary necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

31-year-old man with right ank pain radiating into

scrotum, gross hematuria, right-sided hydronephrosis, and normal abdominal x-ray

A

Uric acid kidney stone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

18-year-old women with fever; costovertebral tenderness; flank mass; and WBCs, RBCs, and gram-negative rods in the urine

A

Kidney (renal) abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

65-year-old man with groin pain who goes into septic shock after a rectalprostatic exam

A

Bacterial prostatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

19-year-old man status post (s/p) spinal anesthetic for a groin hernia repair returns to clinic with back pain, fever, and decreased left lower extremity sensation and movement

A

Epidural Abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

30-year-old woman with thoracic back pain, destruction of thoracic vertebral bodies on x-ray, 1 PPD

A

Pott’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

22-year-old man s/p MVC with transection of right optic nerve; progresses to blindness in the contralateral le eye 3 weeks later

A

Sympathetic ophthalmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

29-year-old diabetic with chronic bacterial sinusitis, new-onset seizures, fever, and right-sided weakness

A

Brain Abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

28-year-old man with intermittent vertigo, intermittent hearing loss, tinnitus, and a subjective feeling of having ear swelling

A

Ménière’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

16-year-old girl with severe sore throat, lateral uvula displacement, bulging tonsillar pillar, 1 Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Quinsy’s abscess (peritonsillar abscess)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

60-year-old woman with a thyroidmass,1 follicular cellsonbiopsy,1 capsular invasion,1 vascular invasion

A

Thyroid Follicular Carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

42-year-old woman with thyroidmass,1 amyloid on histology, hypercalcemia

A

Medullary thyroid carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

25-year-old man with thyroid mass,1 psammomabodies on histology

A

Papillary thyroid carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hypothyroidism, “woody” hard thyroid, tracheal compression

A

Riedel’s thyroiditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

17-year-old woman with upper respiratory tract infection followed by fever, neck pain, dysphagia, tender thyroidgland,1 strep cultures

A

Acute suppurative thyroiditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

28-year-old woman

with tender thyroid, hypothyroidism, elevated antimicrosomal antibodies, increased antithyroglobulin antibodies

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

45-year-oldwomanwith itching of the right nipple for 6 months and a right breast mass

A

Paget’sdisease(infilltrating ductal carcinoma with spread to the nipple)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

60-year-old man with nipple discharge

A

Male breast cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

36-year-old woman with arightbreastmassa after hitting her right breast on a door handle

A

Fat necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

39-year-old woman with bilateral milky breast discharge, decreased lateral vision fields, and pituitary mass

A

Prolactinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

28-year-old woman with unilateral green-brown nipple discharge increasing immediately before menses?

A

Fibrocystic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

WhatistheGCSforan 18-year-old woman s/p MVC in a “coma”?

A

5-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

28-year-old man involved in high-speed MVC with lower back spine fracture, bladder/ bowel incontinence, decreased lower extremity sensation, and decreased lower extremity strength

A

Cauda equina syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

24-year-old woman with spine fracture; paraplegia but with touch and proprioception intact

A

Anterior spinal cord syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

29-year-old man s/p 45-foot fall with left-sided loss of temperature and pain sensation; right-sided paresis and loss of right-sided proprioception

A

Brown-Sequard syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

18-year-old woman with a cervicalspinalfracturea after diving into a shallow pool; intact perianal sensation and decreased lower extremity sensation and movement

A

Central cord syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

50-year-old woman with painless proptosis and a brain tumor stuck to the dura

A

Meningioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

24-year-old heavy cigarette smoker with initial onset of foot pain followed by digit necrosis

A

Buerger’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

55-year-old woman with calf claudication, “hourglass” stenosis on angiogram of popliteal artery, and cyst on ultrasound of posterior knee

A

Cystic degeneration of the popliteal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

65-year-old woman started on Coumadin alone for atrial fibrillation develops acute DVT

A

Coumadin-induced hypercoagulable state due to decreased protein C & S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

56-year-old woman with hemorrhoids that prolapse with defecation but then retract by themselves

A

2nd-degree internal hemorrhoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

67-year-old male smoker on Coumadin for chronic DVTnoticesLLQpaina after a strenuous coughing spell; LLQ mass detected on physical exam

A

Rectus sheath hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

34-year-old woman with hemorrhoids that prolapse after defecationandthatshe has to “push back in”

A

3rd-degree internal hemorrhoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

56-year-old woman with hemorrhoids that are “stuckout”a erabowel movement

A

4th-degree internal hemorrhoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

61-year-old man develops acute onset of pain and “blurry” vision in the right eye; sees “rings” around lights; states that he feels a little nauseated

A

Open-angle glaucoma

42
Q

61-year-old woman with history of left-sided headaches, left temporal tenderness with swelling, pain in the left side of her jaw when she eats, elevated ESR

A

Temporal Arteritis

43
Q

2-year-old boy with a “lazy” left eye; left eye has decreased vision and lacks “red refkex”onexam

A

Retinoblastoma

44
Q

34-year-old male carpenter develops a decrease in coordination in his hammer hand (right hand); he wakes in the middle of the night with right hand pain and “pins and needles” in the right thumb/index/middle fingers

A

Carpal tunnel Syndrome

45
Q

16-year-old boy with right knee pain and fevers; x-ray reveals a distal femur lesion with “sunburst” pattern with a triangle of elevated periosteum

A

Osteosarcoma

46
Q

72-year-old man with history of hypertension

and tobacco abuse presents with 20 minutes of left eye blindness. Left carotid bruit is detected on exam

A

TIA-amurosis fugax

47
Q

67-year-old man with hypotension, abdominal pain, and an abdominal mass that pulsates

A

Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm

48
Q

67-year-old female smoker with a history of 25-pound weight loss over 3 months duetoabdominalpaina after eating; nontender abdomen on exam

A

Chronic mesenteric ischemia

49
Q

45-year-old man with long- term left lower leg swelling develops a nonhealing sore over the left medial malleolus

A

Venous Stasis Ulcer

50
Q

6-year-old child with finger clubbing and history of cyanosis as an infant develops anxiety/increase in respiratory rate and cyanosis with strenuous exercise that is relieved by “squatting down”

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

51
Q

57-year-old man develops confusion and wide swings in heart rate and systolic blood pressure POD #2
after an appendectomyfora perforated appendix;
Sats5 99%,HCTstable, electrolytes normal, chest x-ray normal

A

Alcohol withdrawal

52
Q

54-year-old woman with

reflux disease and columnar epithelium on distal esophageal biopsy

A

Barrett’s Esophagus

53
Q

56-year-old alcoholic woman receives D51/2 NS IV bolus in the ER; she develops confusion, ataxia, and inability of gaze laterally

A

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

54
Q

POD #1a erbariatric gastric bypass a 34-year-old woman develops fever and crackles on chest auscultation

A

Atelectais

55
Q

24-year-old man with ulcerative colitis receives Lomotil for excessive diarrhea and develops fever, abdominal pain and tenderness, and a massively dilated colon on abdominal x-ray

A

Toxic Megacolon

56
Q

28-year-old man with nonbloody diarrhea, low-grade fever, abdominal pain, perirectal abscesses, perianal fistulae

A

Crohn’s disease

57
Q

45-year-old man back from a visit to South America who was exposed to Trypanosoma cruzi now presents with dysphagia

A

Chagas disease

58
Q

54-year-old woman with dysphagia (to both liquid and solids) and intermittent chest pain; food “comes up” after fallingasleepat night; manometry reveals high LES pressures that do not decrease with swallowing; absent esophageal peristalsis

A

Achalasia

59
Q

28-year-old man with groin mass,vomiting,air-fluid levels on abdominal x-ray

A

Incarcerated inguinal hernia

60
Q

19-year-old woman involved in a high-speed MVC and was thrown unrestrained into the windshield; she has a GCS of 15 at the scene and initially upon admission to the ER; she then becomes comatose with a GCS of 3

A

Epidural hematoma and “lucid interval”

61
Q

Patient with head trauma and a peripheral “crescent”-shaped hematoma on CT

A

Subdural hematoma

62
Q

Patient with head trauma and a peripheral “lenticular” (lens-like) hematoma on CT

A

Epidural hematoma

63
Q

21-year-old man involved
in high-speed MVC with obvious unstable pelvis, gross blood from the urethral meatus, high-riding prostate on rectal exam

A

Urethral injury

64
Q

45-year-old woman involved in high-speed MVC complains of abdominal pain and shortness of breath; decreased breath soundsonthe left ;chest x-ray reveals the NGT tube coiled up in the left chest

A

Ruptured left diaphragm

65
Q

56-year-old involved in a high-speed motorcycle collision complains of severe shortness of breath. On exam the left chest wall moves inwards not outwards on inhalation

A

Flail Chest - “paradoxic respirations”

66
Q

67-year-old involved in a high-speed MVC presents with a GCS of 5, bilateral periorbital ecchymosis, le mastoid ecchymosis, and clear uid draining form the le ear

A

Basilar skull fracture—Battle’s and raccoon signs

67
Q

Femur fracture, dyspnea, mental status changes, tachycardia, petechiae

A

Fat embolism syndrome

68
Q

Pain over the anatomic “snuffbox”

A

Scaphoid/navicular fracture

69
Q

Pain on passive exion/ extension, arm or leg pain “out of proportion to injury”

A

Extremity compartment syndrome

70
Q

34-year-old in the ICU s/p Iaparotomy with fascia closed, decreased urine output, increased peak airway pressure, decreased CVP, normal chest x-ray, normal EKG

A

Abdominal compartment syndrome

71
Q

Hypoxia after braininjury without lung injury, no fractures, no DVTs

A

Neurogenic pulmonary edema

72
Q

Coagulopathy afer isolated brain injury

A

Brain thromboplastin

73
Q

Midline laparotomy wound that drains continuous straw-colored fluid

A

fascial dehiscence

74
Q

POD #1 with bright red wound infection

A

Streptococcus infection

75
Q

POD #1 with painful wound and weeping bronze-colored fluid

A

Costridial wound infection

76
Q

8-year-old boy with a history of claudication when running, epistaxis, decreased left extrimity (LE) pulses, and headaches

A

Aorctic coarctation

77
Q

6 year old girl with purpuric rash, abdominal pain, hematuria, and joint pain,

A

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

78
Q

Recurrent pneumonias, infiltrate on chest x0ray, no bronchus leading to area of infiltrate

A

pulmonary sequestration

79
Q

29-year-old male smoker with necrotic fingers

A

Buerger’s disease

80
Q

Skier with fingers that go from white to blue to red

A

Raynaud’s phenomenon

81
Q

LAP chole POD #3, fever, RUQ fluid collection, no biliary dilation

A

Biloma(MC caus of cysttic duct leak)

82
Q

POD #7 following laparoscopic cholecystectomy— jaundice and dilated intrahepatic biliary ducts

A

Clipping or transection of common bile duct

83
Q

21-year-oldwomanwith fever, leukocytosis, lower abdominal pain,
1 chandeliersign

A

PID(pelvic inflammatorydisease)

84
Q

45-year-old female with CHF, diastolic murmur, atrial fibrillation, atrial hypertrophy

A

Mitral Stenosis

85
Q

33-year-old old woman with jaundice, fever, RUQ pain, hypotension, and confusion

A

Suppurative cholangitis

86
Q

29-year-old woman with a mass below inguinal ligament

A

Femoral hernia

87
Q

43-year-old woman with RUQ pain and right subscapular pain for
2 hours intermittently over 4 months

A

Biliary colic

88
Q

19-year-old man in motorcycle crash with knee dislocation and loss of pedal pulses

A

Thrombosed popliteal artery

89
Q

34-year-old woman POD #2 gastric bypass with tachycardia and vague abdominal discomfort

A

Anastomotic leak

90
Q

Elderly man with shortened and inverted LE

A

Hip dislocation

91
Q

28-year-old woman on BCPs with abdominal pain “out of proportion to exam”; SMA open on Doppler

A

SMV thrombosis

92
Q

Pregnant 22-year-old woman with LUQ pain and hypotension

A

Ruptured splenic aneurysm

93
Q

S/P gastrojejunostomy with postprandial tachycardia, diarrhea, and abdominal pain

A

Dumping syndrome

94
Q

27-year-old woman who following menses develops rash, hypotension, and fever

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome

95
Q

Claudication, impotence, atrophy of thigh

A

Leriche syndrome

96
Q

56-year-old man on IV Heparin with atrial

fibrillation develops thrombocytopenia

A

Heparin induced thrombocytopenia

97
Q

56-year-old male alcoholic with new-onset NGT feeds develops hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, and hypomagnesemia

A

Refeeding syndrome

98
Q

39-year-old man with caput medusae, hemorrhoids, and splenomegaly

A

Portal hypertension

99
Q

58-year-old male smoker with oat cell cancer of the lung and hyponatremia

A

SIADH

100
Q

28-year-old woman s/p total abdominal colectomy and ileostomy now with increased ileostomy output and U waves on EKG

A

Hypokalemia

101
Q

51-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis has a sodium level of 127. The intern corrects the sodium to 140 in 1 hour with hypertonic saline and reveals neurologic signs and symptoms

A

Central Pontin demyelinosis

SR (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions