Surgery

Question 1

Perthes test

Answer 1

This assesses the rate of blood flow towards the deep veins

Question 2

Post-thrombotic syndrome

Answer 2

This s a chronic insufficiency of venous circulation in the lower extremities, which develops years after deep vein thrombosis.

Question 3

Clinical significance of basal cell cancer

Answer 3

That it is unlikely to disseminate, grows slowly and rarely recurs after excision.

Question 4

GEA

Answer 4

Gastroenteroanastomosis

Question 5

EST

Answer 5

Endoscopic Sphincterotomy

Question 6

Resectability

Answer 6

Resectability is mainly a technical question - unresectable is a tumor that technically cannot be removed by the surgeon. If the tumor can be resected, the procedure can be curative or palliative. Thus, the term ‘resectability’ is related to the tumor,

Question 7

Operability

Answer 7

Operability and inoperability’ refers to the patient. Operability varies from patient to patient, depending on the patient’s condition and reserves, and the progression of the disease.

Question 8

nosocomial category A

Answer 8

In nosocomial category A (e.g. sterile or clean surgery) no pathogen is to be expected in the surgical area. This group includes surgeries where no hollow organs are opened and there is no inflammation present.

Question 9

HIDA scan

Answer 9

A HIDA scan, also called cholescintigraphy or hepatobiliary scintigraphy, is an imaging test used to view the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and small intestine. The scan involves injecting a radioactive tracer into a person’s vein. The tracer travels through the bloodstream into the body parts listed above.

Question 10

Radiological studies that play a key role in breast cancer diagnosis

Answer 10

1) breast ultrasound examination
2) mammography
3) MR

Question 11

characteristic of compartment syndrome

Answer 11

Immense pain and the early absence of capillary refill are characteristic. This can even occur in open wounds. Loss of the pulse is a late complication

Question 12

Which is the most frequently missed shoulder dislocation?

Answer 12

Posterior dislocation

Question 13

Monteggia fracture

Answer 13

the dislocation of the radius head is located in the proximal radioulnar joint by definition

Question 14

Lachman test

Answer 14

is a passive accessory movement test of the knee performed to identify the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).

Question 15

Pivot Shift test

Answer 15

Pivot Shift test attempts to reproduce the rotary and transalatory instability in an ACL deficient knee.

Question 16

Tests for ACL injury

Answer 16

Lachman test
Pivot Shift test
Ant. drawer test

Question 17

degloving injury

Answer 17

1) The skin and its underlying tissues are torn off the fascia
2) It can be an open or closed injury
3) It can be associated with significant blood loss
4) Skin necrosis is common

Question 18

Bennett fractures

Answer 18

Bennett fracture is a fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone which extends into the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint. This intra-articular fracture is the most common type of fracture of the thumb, and is nearly always accompanied by some degree of subluxation or frank dislocation of the carpometacarpal joint.

Question 19

cubital tunnel syndrome

Answer 19

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome is a condition that involves pressure or stretching of the ulnar nerve (also known as the “funny bone” nerve), which can cause numbness or tingling in the ring and small fingers, pain in the forearm, and/or weakness in the hand.

Question 20

What are 2 most common complications of Meckel’s diverticulum

Answer 20

1) bleeding

2) inflammation

Question 21

second-degree haemorrhoids

Answer 21

bulges from the anus during bowel movements, then goes back inside by itself.

Question 22

third-degree hemorrhoid

Answer 22

bulges from the anus during bowel movements and must be pushed back in with a finger.

Question 23

UICC

Answer 23

UICC is an acronym made up of the initials of the French name of the International Union Against Cancer (Union Internationale Contre le Cancer).

Question 24

What can cause paralytic ileus?

Answer 24

• Late phase of Mesenteric artery occlusion
• Hypokalemia
• Pancreatitis
• Peroration

Question 25

Charcot’s triad

Answer 25

a combination of fever, jaundice and abdominal pain

Question 26

Schatzki ring

Answer 26

This is a narrowing of the lower esophagus that can cause difficulty swallowing (dysphagia). The narrowing is caused by a ring of mucosal tissue (which lines the esophagus) or muscular tissue.

Question 27

Where are the bile acids mostly resorbed?

Answer 27

This is done in the terminal ileum

Question 28

What are poor prognostic factors in acute pancreatitis?

Answer 28

• Extended necrosis

* Infection

Question 29

What may mimic the manifestations of acute appendicitis

Answer 29

1) mesenteric lymphadenitis
2) acute cholecystitis
3) perforated duodenal ulcer
4) right-sided ureterolithiasis

Question 30

Tenesmus

Answer 30

A continual or recurrent inclination to evacuate the bowels, caused by disorder of the rectum or other illness.

Question 31

Heller operation

Answer 31

Surgical procedure in which the muscles of the cardia of the stomacher cut. It treats achalasia

Question 32

Torek operation

Answer 32

This is used in the treatment of esophageal perforation

Question 33

Carlens-biopsy

Answer 33

Method used for taking biopsy and exposure of paratracheal and praetracheal lymph nodes

Question 34

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax

Answer 34

an abnormal accumulation of air in the space between the lungs and the chest cavity (called the pleural space) that can result in the partial or complete collapse of a lung. This type of pneumothorax is described as primary because it occurs in the absence of lung disease such as emphysema. Spontaneous means the pneumothorax was not caused by an injury such as a rib fracture.

Question 35

Methods intended for direct myocardial oxygenation

Answer 35

A) Aorto-coronary bypass grafting (ACBG)
B) Coronary thromboendarterectomy
C) PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty)
D) IABP (intra-aortic balloon pump)

Question 36

Blalock-Taussig shunt

Answer 36

This is a surgical procedure used to increase pulmonary blood flow for palliation in duct dependent cyanotic heart defects like pulmonary atresia, which are common causes of blue baby syndrome.

Question 37

Parinaud’s syndrome

Answer 37

Parinaud’s syndrome is an inability (paresis or palsy) of upgaze and it often comes with retraction nystagmus (at intention to upgaze the two eyeball retract rhythmically and synchronously and converge). It is a sign of compression of the quadrigeminal lamina

Question 38

When does cerebral vasopasm takes after subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 38

3-14 days

Question 39

thermodilution principle

Answer 39

Helps with the determination of minute volume with PiCCO monitor

Question 40

The decreasing order of infection of central venous cannula

Answer 40

femoral vein, internal jugular vein, subclavian vein

Question 41

Consequence of persistent loss of gastric juice

Answer 41

1) decreased plasma hydrogen ion concentration
2) hypokalaemia
3) hypochloraemia
4) increased plasma bicarbonate level

Question 42

What can be seen in hypovolaemia?

Answer 42

increase in urinary osmolarity

reduction of urine sodium excretion

Question 43

Parameters used for management of patient controlled analgesia

Answer 43

1) rate of continuous administration
2) bolus dose
3) lockout time

Question 44

sugammadex

Answer 44

is an agent for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium and vecuronium