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Boards > Dermatology, Urology, ENT > Flashcards

Dermatology, Urology, ENT Flashcards

1
Q

What therapeutic option are appropriate for the treatment of alopecia areata?

A

A) Topical glucocorticoid treatment
B) PUVA (psoralen + UVA)
C) Provocation of a local contact dermatitis
D) Systemic treatment of acive bacterial foci

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2
Q

dysplastic nevi

A

Dysplastic nevi are moles that are larger and irregular in shape then the average mole (size usually bigger than a pencil eraser). They tend to have uneven color with dark brown centers and lighter, uneven edges.

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3
Q

Lymphadenosis cutis benigna

A

This is due to Borrelia infection

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4
Q

Erythema chronicum migrans

A

a circular rash that often appears in the early stages of Lyme disease

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5
Q

Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans

A

an uncommon skin condition affecting distal parts of the limbs. It is caused by chronic borrelial infection. It is the most common manifestation of the late stage of Lyme disease.

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6
Q

Verruca vulgaris

A

Verruca vulgaris are common warts, which are caused by infection with human papillomavirus.

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7
Q

The normal serum creatinine level

A

60-120 micromol/liter

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8
Q

Charrière

A

Charrière (Ch) is the outer diameter of the catheters; 1 Ch = 0.33 mm.

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9
Q

Causes of Dysuria

A

1) bladder stone
2) prostate cancer
3) acute prostatitis
4) phimosis

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10
Q

Pollakiuria

A

Pollakiuria is also known as benign idiopathic urinary frequency. It refers to frequent daytime urination in children with no specific cause.
Causes can be –> urine retention in the bladder& urethritis

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11
Q

The chloride level can be high in:

A

after ureterosigmoideostomy & in hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

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12
Q

Pyelonephritis gravidarum

A

Pregnancy pyelonephritis usually occurs in the second half of pregnancy, affects the right side more often.

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13
Q

Cause of acute anuria

A

1) fungal infections
2) methyl alcohol
3) ethylene glycol

These are all nephrotoxic

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14
Q

Nephroptosis

A

Nephroptosis is a rare condition where a person’s kidney drops down into the pelvis when they stand up
Nephroptosis can cause severe symptoms, including flank pain and blood in the urine

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15
Q

Acoustic impedance

A

The part of the middle ear (tympanic membrane and ossicular chain) create an acoustic resistance against the sound wave pressure.

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16
Q

Otosclerosis

A

Otosclerosis is the abnormal growth of bone of the MIDDLE ear. This bone prevents structures within the ear from working properly and causes hearing loss

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17
Q

Weber test

A
  1. Weber test is heard louder to the affected side due to conductive hearing loss in the defective ear.
  2. Weber’s is louder on the contralateral side in the case of sensorineural hearing loss
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18
Q

Which part of the tympanic membrane should be preferred when doing a paracentesis?

A

antero-inferior quadrant

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19
Q

Bezold-abscess

A

A Bezold abscess is a complication of acute otomastoiditis where the infection erodes through the cortex medial to the attachment of sternocleidomastoid, at the attachment site of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, and extends into the infratemporal fossa.

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20
Q

Adequate therapy of a confirmed otosclerosis

A

stapedectomy or stapedotomy

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21
Q

Causes of peripheral facial palsy

A

A) polyomyelitis
B) herpes zoster oticus
C) mastoiditis
D) chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma

22
Q

Atrophic oezema

A

Atrophic oezema is characterized by a foul smelling fluid, where it’s etiology is unknown and is shown to be improving with aging.

23
Q

Most common location of nasal bleeding

A

This is the anterior part of the nasal cavity, most specifically at the Kisselbach area, whereas the mucosa is thinner and has a rich vascularity.

24
Q

Agranulocytic angina

A

acute infection characterized by severe sore throat, fever, and fatigue and associated with an extreme reduction of white blood cells, or leukocytes (a condition known as leukopenia), particularly the white cells known as neutrophils (neutropenia).

25
Q

Reinke oedema

A

Reinke’s edema is the swelling of the vocal cords due to fluid (edema) collected within the Reinke’s space

26
Q

Black hairy tongue

A

Black hairy tongue is a temporary, harmless oral condition that gives the tongue a dark, furry appearance. The distinct look usually results from a buildup of dead skin cells on the many tiny projections (papillae) on the surface of the tongue that contain taste buds.

27
Q

Holzknecht–Jacobson sign

A

A unilateral bronchial foreign body causes the mediastinum move towards the affected side

28
Q

Stroboscopy

A

Stroboscopy is a special method of examination of a vibrating or fast moving object, such as the vocal folds

29
Q

Miller’s caries theory

A

This theory held that caries is caused by acids produced by oral bacteria following fermentation of sugars

30
Q

The optimal fluoride content of table salt

A

250 mg/kg

31
Q

Pierre–Robin-syndrome

A

This is a condition in which an infant has a smaller than normal lower jaw, a tongue that falls back in the throat, and difficulty breathing. It is present at birth.

32
Q

hyphema

A

blood in the anterior chamber of the eye

33
Q

drusen

A

Drusen are small yellow deposits of fatty proteins (lipids) that accumulate under the retina

34
Q

preretinal bleeding

A

The shape is horizontal in only that cases when the bleeding is between the retina and the detached posterior vitreous.

35
Q

chemosis

A

conjunctival edema

36
Q

Normal intraocular pressure does not exceed

A

22 mmHg

37
Q

What should we suspect if fundoscopy reveals a pale retina, in the macular area a cherry-red spot

A

occlusion of the central retinal artery

38
Q

Band keratopathy

A

Band keratopathy is a corneal disease derived from the appearance of calcium on the central cornea

39
Q

Characteristics of senile macular degeneration

A

A) slow progression
B) does not cause full blindness
C) it can be confused with systemic disease

40
Q

In narrow (closed) angle glaucoma which medication is contraindicated?

A

atropine

41
Q

Patellar ballottement

A

Patellar ballottement is typical to knee joint fluid

42
Q

Tocilizumab

A

Tocilizumab is an IL-6R inhibitor

43
Q

Felty syndrome

A

Felty syndrome (FS), also known as ‘‘super rheumatoid’’ disease, is a severe form of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), characterized by a triad of RA, splenomegaly and neutropenia, resulting in susceptibility to bacterial infections.

44
Q

Adult-onset Still’s disease

A

Adult Still’s disease is a rare type of inflammatory arthritis that features fevers, rash and joint pain
Other symptoms:
A) High fever
B) Maculopapular rash on the upper arms
C) Arthralgia
D) Visceral symptoms

45
Q

What is the most important immunological marker of mixed connective tissue disease ?

A

Anti-U1RNP

46
Q

What joints are affected in rheumatoid arthritis?

A

A) Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints
B) Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints
C) Knee joints
D) Radiocarpal joints

47
Q

What subgroup of juvenile idiopathic arthritis is characterized primarily by rheumatoid factor positivity?

A

Polyarthritis

48
Q

Scheuermann’s disease

A

Scheuermann’s disease is a self-limiting skeletal disorder of childhood. Scheuermann’s disease describes a condition where the vertebrae grow unevenly with respect to the sagittal plane; that is, the posterior angle is often greater than the anterior.

49
Q

Heberden’s osteoarthritis

A

Heberden’s nodes are described as “bony swellings” that form on your hands as a result of osteoarthritis.

50
Q

Which illness is associated with increased erythrocyte sedimentation

A

Psoriatic arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Polymyalgia rheumatica

51
Q

Genetic subtypes predominant to rheumatoid arthritis

A

1) HLA DRB101
2) HLA DRB104
3) HLA DRB1*10

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