Dermatology, Urology, ENT Flashcards
What therapeutic option are appropriate for the treatment of alopecia areata?
A) Topical glucocorticoid treatment
B) PUVA (psoralen + UVA)
C) Provocation of a local contact dermatitis
D) Systemic treatment of acive bacterial foci
dysplastic nevi
Dysplastic nevi are moles that are larger and irregular in shape then the average mole (size usually bigger than a pencil eraser). They tend to have uneven color with dark brown centers and lighter, uneven edges.
Lymphadenosis cutis benigna
This is due to Borrelia infection
Erythema chronicum migrans
a circular rash that often appears in the early stages of Lyme disease
Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans
an uncommon skin condition affecting distal parts of the limbs. It is caused by chronic borrelial infection. It is the most common manifestation of the late stage of Lyme disease.
Verruca vulgaris
Verruca vulgaris are common warts, which are caused by infection with human papillomavirus.
The normal serum creatinine level
60-120 micromol/liter
Charrière
Charrière (Ch) is the outer diameter of the catheters; 1 Ch = 0.33 mm.
Causes of Dysuria
1) bladder stone
2) prostate cancer
3) acute prostatitis
4) phimosis
Pollakiuria
Pollakiuria is also known as benign idiopathic urinary frequency. It refers to frequent daytime urination in children with no specific cause.
Causes can be –> urine retention in the bladder& urethritis
The chloride level can be high in:
after ureterosigmoideostomy & in hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
Pyelonephritis gravidarum
Pregnancy pyelonephritis usually occurs in the second half of pregnancy, affects the right side more often.
Cause of acute anuria
1) fungal infections
2) methyl alcohol
3) ethylene glycol
These are all nephrotoxic
Nephroptosis
Nephroptosis is a rare condition where a person’s kidney drops down into the pelvis when they stand up
Nephroptosis can cause severe symptoms, including flank pain and blood in the urine
Acoustic impedance
The part of the middle ear (tympanic membrane and ossicular chain) create an acoustic resistance against the sound wave pressure.
Otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is the abnormal growth of bone of the MIDDLE ear. This bone prevents structures within the ear from working properly and causes hearing loss
Weber test
- Weber test is heard louder to the affected side due to conductive hearing loss in the defective ear.
- Weber’s is louder on the contralateral side in the case of sensorineural hearing loss
Which part of the tympanic membrane should be preferred when doing a paracentesis?
antero-inferior quadrant
Bezold-abscess
A Bezold abscess is a complication of acute otomastoiditis where the infection erodes through the cortex medial to the attachment of sternocleidomastoid, at the attachment site of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, and extends into the infratemporal fossa.
Adequate therapy of a confirmed otosclerosis
stapedectomy or stapedotomy
Causes of peripheral facial palsy
A) polyomyelitis
B) herpes zoster oticus
C) mastoiditis
D) chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma
Atrophic oezema
Atrophic oezema is characterized by a foul smelling fluid, where it’s etiology is unknown and is shown to be improving with aging.
Most common location of nasal bleeding
This is the anterior part of the nasal cavity, most specifically at the Kisselbach area, whereas the mucosa is thinner and has a rich vascularity.
Agranulocytic angina
acute infection characterized by severe sore throat, fever, and fatigue and associated with an extreme reduction of white blood cells, or leukocytes (a condition known as leukopenia), particularly the white cells known as neutrophils (neutropenia).
