SURGERY Flashcards
Testicular tumour
hard mass
testicular abnormalities
what investigations?
Ultrasound
AFP
bhcg
LDH
what is the treatment for testicular cancer?
radical ignuinal orchidectomy
need to do inguinal to remove the spermatic cord
What are the different types of testicular tumours
germ cell:
- seminoma:
- non seminoma: teratoma (young person)
non germ cell:
stromal (leydig and sertoli cell tumours)
what tumour marker is produced in testicular cancer
AFP - not a seminoma and is high non seminoma
LDH- tumour burden - how much cancer
how do you treat teratoma?
Monitor AFP
Chemotherapy
CT to check for metastases
what investigations would you do for a macroscopic haematuria
MSU
Ultrasound of the renal tract
Local aneathetic Cystoscopy
What should eveyone have that has blood in the urine
Cystoscopy
MSU
Ultrasound or \ct
What are cancers of the URINARY TRACT
transitional cell- in bladder, ureter,
pelvis or calycese- radical nephrourectractomy
transitional cell- in bladder, ureter,
pelvis or calycese- radical nephrourectractomy
What are risk factors for TCC?
male
smoking
close follow up once you have them you can get more
how do you assses acute urinary retention
bladder scan
and do urehral catheterisation and analgesia
send off the urine to be analyse
what are acute testicular pain?
testicular torsion- super sudden
epidydemal orchitis
