MICA Flashcards
how to approach hyponatraemia
remember pseudohyponaetraemia (if sugar, protein and cholesterol low)
What are causes of SIADH
lung: small cell, pneumina
brain: lesion
drugs: SSRI, carbamazepine
What are reasons fro admission with SIADH
symptomatic or hypovalaemic
Acute or severe hyponatraemia below 125
What is the treatment for SIADH
stop the drugs
how do you manage hyperthyroidism
FIRST line Carbimazole - started by specialist
bone marrow suppression (presents sore throat do a FBC)
propylthiouracil - started by specialist
second line - due to liver failure (first line if pregnant)
beta blocker
LONG TERM
radioidine
Surgery
AF management
HIGH Risk
pulse over 150
hypotension
loss of consciousness
chest pain
syncope
severe shortness of breathlessness
Diagnostic criteria of type 2 diabetes
Hba1c over 48
asymptomatic more than one test
symptomatic one
DON’t use in children pregnant or FBC abnormalities
Treatment of AF if non highr risk
New- cardioversion and anticoagulation
Not new- rate control (BB or CBB or digoxin)
anticoagulate
asses for underlying causes (bloods, tapes and ECho)
are all target Hba1c targets the same?
no
What are 4 diabetes drugsand their main side effects
Metformin
Sulphanyleureas
What are long term problems of diabetics
Macr
neuropathy:
retinopathy:
Nephropathy:
what are risk factors for osteoporosis
steroid use
smoking
etoh
inactivity
menopause
conditions (rheum, eno, GI)
which patients should get a dexa scan?
what is the risk score?
FRAX score
over 50 - go straight
who doesn’t need to even have a dexa scan
patients with hip fractucres
whatis the management of osteoporosis?
weight bearing exercise
balanced diet
Vit D
bone sparing treatments
HRT