MICA Flashcards
how to approach hyponatraemia
remember pseudohyponaetraemia (if sugar, protein and cholesterol low)
What are causes of SIADH
lung: small cell, pneumina
brain: lesion
drugs: SSRI, carbamazepine
What are reasons fro admission with SIADH
symptomatic or hypovalaemic
Acute or severe hyponatraemia below 125
What is the treatment for SIADH
stop the drugs
how do you manage hyperthyroidism
FIRST line Carbimazole - started by specialist
bone marrow suppression (presents sore throat do a FBC)
propylthiouracil - started by specialist
second line - due to liver failure (first line if pregnant)
beta blocker
LONG TERM
radioidine
Surgery
AF management
HIGH Risk
pulse over 150
hypotension
loss of consciousness
chest pain
syncope
severe shortness of breathlessness
Diagnostic criteria of type 2 diabetes
Hba1c over 48
asymptomatic more than one test
symptomatic one
DON’t use in children pregnant or FBC abnormalities
Treatment of AF if non highr risk
New- cardioversion and anticoagulation
Not new- rate control (BB or CBB or digoxin)
anticoagulate
asses for underlying causes (bloods, tapes and ECho)
are all target Hba1c targets the same?
no
What are 4 diabetes drugsand their main side effects
Metformin
Sulphanyleureas
What are long term problems of diabetics
Macr
neuropathy:
retinopathy:
Nephropathy:
what are risk factors for osteoporosis
steroid use
smoking
etoh
inactivity
menopause
conditions (rheum, eno, GI)
which patients should get a dexa scan?
what is the risk score?
FRAX score
over 50 - go straight
who doesn’t need to even have a dexa scan
patients with hip fractucres
whatis the management of osteoporosis?
weight bearing exercise
balanced diet
Vit D
bone sparing treatments
HRT
how do you take your bisphophonates?
empty stomach - 30min before eating
with a glass of water
stand for a while afterwards
what could bad red flag causes of back pain be?
How do you differentiate a cauda equina vs. spinal cord compression
cauda equina - lower motor
cord compression - upper motor neurone lesion
WHat is the immidiate management of Caudia equina or spinal cord compression
both send for emergency spine MRI
What are differentials for an acute unilateral limb swelling
dvt
bakercyst
cellulitis
compartement syndrome
trauma
haematoma
What are chronic causes of a swollen limb
haemosidderi deposits
venous insufficiency
secondary lymphaedema (compression of lymph further up)
What are differentials of anacute bilateral limb swellling
acute heart failure
bilateral DVT
What are chornic causes of a chronic swollen lim bilaterally
heart failure
insufficiency
Primary lymphaedema
WHat are associated symptoms and signs
pain
skin changes
systemic feature
pitting and non pitting
whem do you use antiplatelets and anticoagulants?
what things do you need to ask in a collpse story
before:
well before hand
what were they doing
any preceding symptoms
during:
tongue biting, incontinence,
lost consciousness,
head in jury
after
post ictal
recovery duration
weakness, speech difficulty
What areinvestigation you want to do ona person that has fainted
observation
examination
lying and standing BP
FBC
ECG
24h tape
tilt test
what are causes of syncope?
