MICA Flashcards

1
Q

how to approach hyponatraemia

A

remember pseudohyponaetraemia (if sugar, protein and cholesterol low)

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2
Q

What are causes of SIADH

A

lung: small cell, pneumina
brain: lesion
drugs: SSRI, carbamazepine

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3
Q

What are reasons fro admission with SIADH

A

symptomatic or hypovalaemic

Acute or severe hyponatraemia below 125

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4
Q

What is the treatment for SIADH

A

stop the drugs

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5
Q

how do you manage hyperthyroidism

A

FIRST line Carbimazole - started by specialist

bone marrow suppression (presents sore throat do a FBC)

propylthiouracil - started by specialist

second line - due to liver failure (first line if pregnant)

beta blocker

LONG TERM
radioidine

Surgery

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6
Q

AF management

A

HIGH Risk

pulse over 150

hypotension

loss of consciousness

chest pain

syncope

severe shortness of breathlessness

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7
Q

Diagnostic criteria of type 2 diabetes

A

Hba1c over 48

asymptomatic more than one test

symptomatic one

DON’t use in children pregnant or FBC abnormalities

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8
Q

Treatment of AF if non highr risk

A

New- cardioversion and anticoagulation

Not new- rate control (BB or CBB or digoxin)

anticoagulate

asses for underlying causes (bloods, tapes and ECho)

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9
Q

are all target Hba1c targets the same?

A

no

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10
Q

What are 4 diabetes drugsand their main side effects

A

Metformin

Sulphanyleureas

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11
Q

What are long term problems of diabetics

A

Macr

neuropathy:

retinopathy:

Nephropathy:

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12
Q

what are risk factors for osteoporosis

A

steroid use

smoking

etoh

inactivity

menopause

conditions (rheum, eno, GI)

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13
Q

which patients should get a dexa scan?

what is the risk score?

A

FRAX score

over 50 - go straight

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14
Q

who doesn’t need to even have a dexa scan

A

patients with hip fractucres

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15
Q

whatis the management of osteoporosis?

A

weight bearing exercise

balanced diet

Vit D

bone sparing treatments

HRT

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16
Q

how do you take your bisphophonates?

A

empty stomach - 30min before eating

with a glass of water

stand for a while afterwards

17
Q

what could bad red flag causes of back pain be?

A
18
Q

How do you differentiate a cauda equina vs. spinal cord compression

A

cauda equina - lower motor

cord compression - upper motor neurone lesion

19
Q

WHat is the immidiate management of Caudia equina or spinal cord compression

A

both send for emergency spine MRI

20
Q

What are differentials for an acute unilateral limb swelling

A

dvt

bakercyst

cellulitis

compartement syndrome

trauma

haematoma

21
Q

What are chronic causes of a swollen limb

A

haemosidderi deposits

venous insufficiency

secondary lymphaedema (compression of lymph further up)

22
Q

What are differentials of anacute bilateral limb swellling

A

acute heart failure

bilateral DVT

23
Q

What are chornic causes of a chronic swollen lim bilaterally

A

heart failure

insufficiency

Primary lymphaedema

24
Q

WHat are associated symptoms and signs

A

pain

skin changes

systemic feature

pitting and non pitting

25
Q

whem do you use antiplatelets and anticoagulants?

A
26
Q

what things do you need to ask in a collpse story

A

before:

well before hand

what were they doing

any preceding symptoms

during:

tongue biting, incontinence,

lost consciousness,

head in jury

after

post ictal

recovery duration

weakness, speech difficulty

27
Q

What areinvestigation you want to do ona person that has fainted

A

observation

examination

lying and standing BP

FBC

ECG

24h tape

tilt test

28
Q

what are causes of syncope?

A