Surgery Flashcards
Exuberant callous formation is a sign of what type of fracture?
Steroid induced osteoporosis
Treatment of open fractures
Stabilise, IV abx, tetanus cover, early washout/debridement and schedule on the next trauma list
Colles’ fracture
Fracture of distal radius with dinner fork deformity - usually sustained when falling on an outstretched hand
Hangman’s fracture
C2 fracture as a result of hyperextension of the neck
Jefferson’s fracture
Fracture of C1 caused by axial loading to the head - i.e diving into shallow pool and hitting head
Monteggia’s fracture
Fracture of proximal ulna and dislocation of radial head
Galleazzi’s fracture
Fracture of the readius associated with dislocation of the radioulnar joint
Smith’s fracture
Reverse Colle’s - distal radius fractured with volar angulation of distal fragment - occurs when fall on flexed wrist
3 most common areas of osteoporotic fractures
Distal forearm, proximal femur and vertebra
What is difference between T score and Z score in osteoporosis?
T score is compared to healthy young person, Z score is compared to normal for their age (both measured in standard deviations from the mean)
Definition of osteopenia
T score of -1 - -2.5
Inflammation of which bursa results in clergyman’s knee?
Infra patellar
Inflammation of which bursa results in housemaid’s knee
Pre-patellar
Which nerve is damaged in anterior shoulder dislocation?
Axillary
Which thumb ligament is most commonly damaged by skiers?
Ulnar collateral ligament`
Which special tests should be done for multiple myeloma?
Urinary Bence Jones protein and serum electrophoresis
Treatment of a smiths fracture
MUA or ORIF
What is McMurray test?
Internal and external rotation of knee - thud and pain on internal rotation indicates posterior tear on lateral meniscus, same on external rotation indicates medial meniscus
Main muscle involved in tennis elbow?
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Indication for ankle x-ray
Inability to weight bear straight after the injury and in A&E afterwards and/or the presence of tenderness over the posterior aspects of posterior or medial malleoli, the navicular bone or the base of the fifth metatarsal
What is the lhermitte phenomenon?
Shock like pains on neck flexion due to cervical spondylosis
What is syringomyelia?
Fluid filled cavity with the spinal cord, usually between c2 and t9. Causes central cord syndrome due to pressure - loss of lain and temperature sensation in a dermatome.
Main cause of hallux valgus
Shoe-wearing
Treatment for SUFEs
In situ screw fixation
Which ligament is damaged in Skier’s thumb?
Ulnar collateral ligament
Dislocation of which carpal bone cause median nerve palsy?
Lunate
Nerve root supply to axillary nerve
C5/6
AAA monitoring pathway
<3cm - discharge
3-4.4 - annual US
4.5-5.4 - 3 months US
>5.5 - urgent referal for repair
When should a breast abscess be expected
Recent mastitis
Painful/swollen breast lump with redness heat and swelling of overlying skin
Fever/general malaise
Treatment of breast abscess
Refer to general surgeon for drainage and Abx
Origin of testicular arteries
Directly from the aorta - L2 region
Triad of symptoms in Menieres disease
Episodic vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss
Which pathogen causes malignant/necrotising otitis externa?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Which bacteria causes cat scratch disease?
Bartonella henselae - give azithromycin
