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Final year > Surgery > Flashcards

Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

Exuberant callous formation is a sign of what type of fracture?

A

Steroid induced osteoporosis

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2
Q

Treatment of open fractures

A

Stabilise, IV abx, tetanus cover, early washout/debridement and schedule on the next trauma list

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3
Q

Colles’ fracture

A

Fracture of distal radius with dinner fork deformity - usually sustained when falling on an outstretched hand

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4
Q

Hangman’s fracture

A

C2 fracture as a result of hyperextension of the neck

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5
Q

Jefferson’s fracture

A

Fracture of C1 caused by axial loading to the head - i.e diving into shallow pool and hitting head

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6
Q

Monteggia’s fracture

A

Fracture of proximal ulna and dislocation of radial head

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7
Q

Galleazzi’s fracture

A

Fracture of the readius associated with dislocation of the radioulnar joint

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8
Q

Smith’s fracture

A

Reverse Colle’s - distal radius fractured with volar angulation of distal fragment - occurs when fall on flexed wrist

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9
Q

3 most common areas of osteoporotic fractures

A

Distal forearm, proximal femur and vertebra

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10
Q

What is difference between T score and Z score in osteoporosis?

A

T score is compared to healthy young person, Z score is compared to normal for their age (both measured in standard deviations from the mean)

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11
Q

Definition of osteopenia

A

T score of -1 - -2.5

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12
Q

Inflammation of which bursa results in clergyman’s knee?

A

Infra patellar

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13
Q

Inflammation of which bursa results in housemaid’s knee

A

Pre-patellar

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14
Q

Which nerve is damaged in anterior shoulder dislocation?

A

Axillary

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15
Q

Which thumb ligament is most commonly damaged by skiers?

A

Ulnar collateral ligament`

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16
Q

Which special tests should be done for multiple myeloma?

A

Urinary Bence Jones protein and serum electrophoresis

17
Q

Treatment of a smiths fracture

A

MUA or ORIF

18
Q

What is McMurray test?

A

Internal and external rotation of knee - thud and pain on internal rotation indicates posterior tear on lateral meniscus, same on external rotation indicates medial meniscus

19
Q

Main muscle involved in tennis elbow?

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

20
Q

Indication for ankle x-ray

A

Inability to weight bear straight after the injury and in A&E afterwards and/or the presence of tenderness over the posterior aspects of posterior or medial malleoli, the navicular bone or the base of the fifth metatarsal

21
Q

What is the lhermitte phenomenon?

A

Shock like pains on neck flexion due to cervical spondylosis

22
Q

What is syringomyelia?

A

Fluid filled cavity with the spinal cord, usually between c2 and t9. Causes central cord syndrome due to pressure - loss of lain and temperature sensation in a dermatome.

23
Q

Main cause of hallux valgus

A

Shoe-wearing

24
Q

Treatment for SUFEs

A

In situ screw fixation

25
Q

Which ligament is damaged in Skier’s thumb?

A

Ulnar collateral ligament

26
Q

Dislocation of which carpal bone cause median nerve palsy?

A

Lunate

27
Q

Nerve root supply to axillary nerve

A

C5/6

28
Q

AAA monitoring pathway

A

<3cm - discharge
3-4.4 - annual US
4.5-5.4 - 3 months US
>5.5 - urgent referal for repair

29
Q

When should a breast abscess be expected

A

Recent mastitis
Painful/swollen breast lump with redness heat and swelling of overlying skin
Fever/general malaise

30
Q

Treatment of breast abscess

A

Refer to general surgeon for drainage and Abx

31
Q

Origin of testicular arteries

A

Directly from the aorta - L2 region

32
Q

Triad of symptoms in Menieres disease

A

Episodic vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss

33
Q

Which pathogen causes malignant/necrotising otitis externa?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

34
Q

Which bacteria causes cat scratch disease?

A

Bartonella henselae - give azithromycin

Final year (18 decks)

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