AFP interview Flashcards

1
Q

Absolute risk

A

Probability individuals will experience the outcome during a specific period

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2
Q

Absolute risk reduction

A

Absolute difference between two cohorts

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3
Q

Bias

A

An underlying factor that produces a systematic change in results of study

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4
Q

Confidence interval

A

The range in which the true result is likely to exist

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5
Q

Confounder

A

Variable which is not the one that you are interested in but which may affect results

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6
Q

Hazard ratio

A

Hazard is that rate at which events occur and is time specific. Hazard ratio is the comparison hazard in intervention vs control group p(t)/p(c)

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7
Q

Incidence

A

The number of new cases during a specific time period in a given population

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8
Q

Intention to treat analysis

A

Patients are analysed in the groups in which they were randomly allocated regardless of the treatment the ultimately received

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9
Q

Negative predictive value

A

If the test is negative, what are the chances you do not have the disease

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10
Q

Number needed to treat

A

Number of patients needed to treat to prevent the occurrence of one adverse event

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11
Q

Odds ratio

A

Odds is a ratio of those who get the event over those that have the event vs those that don’t. The odds ratio of this in the intervention group vs control group.

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12
Q

P value

A

The likelihood the difference in results are likely to have occurred simply through chance and hence can reject the null hypothesis

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13
Q

Per protocol analysis

A

Only those who received or completed treatment (or not) are analysed

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14
Q

Positive predictive value

A

If the test is positive, what are the chances of you having the disease in question

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15
Q

Power

A

Ability of the study to find a statistically significant difference under set experimental conditions

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16
Q

Prevalence

A

The baseline risk of a disorder in the population of interest

17
Q

Relative risk

A

Risk a proportion i.e the proportion that get the outcome vs not. Relative risk is a ratio of proportions in intervention and control group

18
Q

Relative risk reduction

A

Difference between risks of cohorts relative to the control group

19
Q

Sensitivity

A

The percentage of people with the disease that will be picked up

20
Q

Specificity

A

The percentage of people without the disease that will be correctly labelled as disease free

21
Q

T-test

A

Used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two groups (ANOVA for >2 groups)

22
Q

Allocation bias

A

None random allocation of patients to groups

23
Q

Confounding bias

A

When the 2 groups aren’t similar at baseline

24
Q

Information/observational bias

A

Measurement error - often results from no blinding

25
Q

Attrition bias

A

Unequal patient loss from the groups