Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MBBS V > Surgery > Flashcards

Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

What is this disease

A

Achalasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

30 year old patient had sister dx with breast cancer at age 47. How should they be screened?

A

As first degree relative <50, they should start annual screening at age 40 until 74.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Man with two first degree relatives dx with colon cancer (aged 74, 87). Screening?

A

FOBT every 2 years from 40-49

Colonscopy 5 yearly from 50-74

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

4 physical exam signs for appendicitis

A

Pain at McBurney’s point, Rovsing’s sign, Psoas sign, Obturator sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anterior nose bleed from what area?

A

Kieselbach’s plexus/ Little’s area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Treatment for achalasia? Ideal (1) + short term relief (1) + very old people (1)

A

Myotomy

Botulinum toxin

Endoscopic balloon dilatation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What sign is this and for what disease?

A

Grey-Turner’s sign, acute pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pathophysiology indirect inguinal hernia

A

Failure of process vaglinalis to close

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Parotid tumour without facial nerve involvement?

A

Pleomorphic adenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Scrotal swelling, attached to the testis and can be palpated posteriorly or at the upper pole of the testis

A

Epididymal cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What’s Psoas sign? What’s it for?

A

Right leg hip flexion against resistance causes RIF pain

Sign for appendicitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Needle thoracotomy landmarks?

A

2nd intercostal space along the midclavicular line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mets most likely to go to bone? (5)

A

Breast, Lung, Thyroid, Renal, Prostate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pancreatic cancer tumour markers? (2)

A

CA 19-9 and CEA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most common cause of bloody nipple discharge and differentials (4)?

A

Intraductal papilloma

Mastitis

Invasive carcinoma

Pages disease of breast

Inflammatory breat cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mx of simple breast cyst in young woman?

A

Reassurance and no follow up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Most diagnostic test for acute pancreatitis?

A

Lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Familial risk for breast cancer increases with what gene?

Increase risk of what other cancers?

A

BRCA mutation

Prostate, ovarian, pancreatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do you offer BRCA mutation positive women?

A

Prophylactic bilateral masectomy and bilateral oophrectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Familial adenomatous polyposis mx?

A

Prophylactic colocectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is this disease

A

Diffuse oesophageal spasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Radiation for colon cancer or rectal cancer?

A

Rectal

NO radiotherapy for colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What causes this infection?

A

Echinococcus granulosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where is McBurney’s point? What does it represent?

A

Right illiac fossa; 1/3 of the distance from ASIS to umbilicus

Maximum tenderness for appendicitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What cancers are associated in lynch syndrome?

A

Lynch CEO

Colon cancer

Endometrial cancer

Ovarian cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Treatment of ascending cholangitis? (3)

A

IVABx (amoxycillin, gentamicin, metronidazole)

Emergent ERCP

Urgent or elective cholecysectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Clinical sign for painless gallbladder palpation?

A

Courvoisier’s sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Chest drain placement landmarks?

A

4th intercostal space (along nipple line) in between anterior and median axillary line (safe triangle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Investigation of mesenteric ischemia?

A

CT angiography

30
Q

Severe for Ranson’s criteria within 48 hours?

A

GALL (ETOH)

Glucose ++

Age >55 years

Leukocytes ++

LDH++

31
Q

Pathophysiology of direct inguinal hernia?

A

Weakness in transversalis fascia area of the Hesselbach triangle

32
Q

Highest chance of colon cancer reoccurance in what time frame?

A

First 3 years

33
Q

Women with dysphagia + iron deficiency anaemia?

A

Plummer-Vinson syndrome (oesopheal webs)

34
Q

Next step if suspect urethra injury in trauma?

A

Urethrogram

35
Q

What’s this condiiton? Associated clinical features?

A

Eosinophilic oesophagitis

Young people with history of atopy

History of recurrent episodes of dysphagia

Failure to respond to proton pump inhibitors

36
Q

Mx of high grade dysplasia in oesophagus?

A

Radiofrequency ablation

37
Q

Treatment for diffuse oesophageal spasm

A

Calcium channel blockers

38
Q

What’s Obturator sign?

What’s it for?

A

Flexion and internal rotation of right hip causes RIF pain

Sign of appendicitis

39
Q

Initial (1) and best (1) test to work up potential oesophageal cancer?

A

Barium swallow

Endoscopy and biopsy

40
Q

Investigation for boerhaave syndrome?

A

Contrast oesophragm with gastrogaffin

41
Q

What is this and what disease?

A

Cullen’s sign, acute pancreatitis

42
Q

Pathophysiology of achalasia?

A

Absent myenteric plexus (inhibitory neurons causing unopposed lower oesophageal sphincter constriction)

43
Q

Raynold’s pentad of gallstones?

A

Fever, RUQ pain, jaundice, hypotension, altered mental status

44
Q

Involvement of what structures makes a pancreatic cancer unresectable in a Whipple’s procedure? (4)

A

Superior mesenteric artery

Superior mesenteric vein

Common hepatic artery

Portal vein

45
Q

Most common cause of green nipple discharge?

A

Duct ectasia

46
Q

5 causes of acute pancreatitis

A

Alcohol, gallstones, hypertriglyceridemia, Post ERCP, HIV drugs

47
Q

2 possible causes of painless jaundice?

A

Head of pancreas tumour, cholangiocarcinoma

48
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia location (2)

A

Above and medial to pubic tubercle

Lateral to epigastric vessels

49
Q

Direct inguinal hernia location (2)

A

Above and medial to pubic tubercle

Medial to epigastric vessels

50
Q

Clinically benign breast mass, not consistant with hormonal change. Further investigations?

A

Imaging:

<35 U/S or >35 Mammogram

Symptomatic cyst -> FNA

Solid or complex lesion -> core biopsy

51
Q

Posterior nose bleed from what area?

A

Woodruff’s plexus

52
Q

When do you do a colonscopy for UC?

A

8 years post dx, then repeated yearly

53
Q

What disease will show crepitation on auscultation of suprasternal notch?

A

Boerhaave syndrome

54
Q

Charcot’s triad of gallstones?

A

Fever, RUQ pain, jaundice

55
Q

Swelling of scrotum; visable when standing, soft, non tender, no cough reflex, seperate to testis, extends up inguinal canal, cannot reduce into abdominal cavity

A

Varicocele

56
Q

What is Rovsing’s sign? What’s it for?

A

Palpation of LIF causes pain in RIF

Sign for appendicitis

57
Q

Investigations for achalasia (3)

A

Initial: barium swallow (bird beak)

Confirmation: Manoetric studies

Additional: Endoscopy + biopsy to rule out cancer

58
Q

5 gall stone diseases?

A

Cholelithiasis (stones in gallbladder)

Biliary colic (stone enters Hartman’s pouch after fatty meals)

Cholecystitis (stone in cystic duct causing gallbladder inflam)

Choledocholithiasis (stone in common bile duct + jaundice)

Ascending cholangitis (infected stone in common bile dust)

59
Q

Breast cancer estrogen and progesterone positive; hormonal treatment pre-menopause and post-menopause?

A

Pre: tamoxifen (risk of endometrial cancer)

Post: arotamse inhibitors (letrozole)

60
Q

What is Schatzki’s ring?

A

Benign thickening of lower oesophageal sphincter

61
Q

Initial (1) and definitive (1) imaging for cholangiocarcinoma?

A

Abdominal US + MRCP

62
Q

Follow up after surgical ressection of colon cancer?

A

First 3 years: CEA level every 3 months

Colonscopy after 1 year, then every 3-5 years

63
Q

Lump below and lateral to pubic tubercle

A

Femoral hernia

64
Q

Lump above and medial to pubic tubercle

A

Inguinal hernia

65
Q

Man’s brother got dx with colon cancer at age 47. Screening?

A

FOBT every 2 years from 40-49

Colonscopy 5 yearly from 50-74

66
Q

Corkscrew barium swallow?

A

Diffuse oesophageal spasm

67
Q

South-East Asian man with lymphadenopathy, unilateral conductive hearing loss + recurrent nose bleeds; most likely diagnosis?

A

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

68
Q

40 year old patient. A large, smooth, firm, multinodular mass is palpable on the left breast. USS large, solid, mobile, hypoechoic, well-circumscribed left breast mass. Dx and Mx?

A

Phyllodes tumor + WLE

69
Q

Sudden onset epigastric pain, radiating to left shoulder tip, haematemesis, feeling light headed. Dx, Ix, Mx?

A

Perforated peptic ulcer

CBE, EUC, group and hold, endoscopy

ALS, Fluid resuscitation, endoscopy for cauterization

70
Q

What’s this and how do you treat?

A

Divarication

Weight loss and physiotherapy

MBBS V (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions