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MBBS V > Orthopaedics and neuro exam > Flashcards

Orthopaedics and neuro exam Flashcards

1
Q

What classification is this?

Mx?

A

Weber B

Isolated malleolar fracture, short leg cast 6 weeks

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2
Q

What’s this?

What nerve root are affected?

Caused by what?

A

Erb’s palsy

C5-C6 (upper brachial plexus)

Caused by excessive lateral flexion with should dystocia

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3
Q

Wirst radial and ulnar devidation nerve roots?

A

C8, T1

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4
Q

Biceps reflex nerve root?

A

C5, C6

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5
Q

Radial nerve injury:

Where can it occur?

What does it cause?

A

Mid-shaft humeral fracture

Wrist drop

Loss of sensation of thumb and 1st web space

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6
Q

Elbow extension nerve roots?

A

C7, C8

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7
Q

What is this fracture?

What nerves can get injured? What artery?

What won’t the patient be able to do?

A

Supracondylar humerus fracture

Anterior intraseous nerve (if postero-lateral displacement of the distal humerus/proximal fragment is displaced antero-medially); ‘Ok’ sign, appositon of thumb and index finger (no sensory changes)

Radial nerve (if distal humerus is displaced postero-medially/ proximal fragment will be displaced antero-laterally)

Brachial artery

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8
Q

Finger reflex nerve root?

A

C8

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9
Q

Triceps reflex nerve roots?

A

C7, C8

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10
Q

Medial winging of scapula. Injury to what muscle and nerve?

A

Serratus anterior + long thoracic

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11
Q

Wrist palmar flexion nerve roots?

A

C6, C7

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12
Q

Dx and nerve injury?

A

Perilunate dislocation

Median nerve

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13
Q

Type of fracture and classificaion?

Nerve and artery that may get injured?

A

Supraconylar fracture of the humeus

Gartland type 3 (complete displacement)

Anterior interoseous nerve (ok sign, no sensory change)

Brachial artery

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14
Q

Type of fracture and classificaion?

Nerve and artery that may get injured?

A

Supraconylar fracture of the humeus

Gartland type 2 (diplacement but posterior cortex intact)

Anterior interoseous nerve (ok sign, no sensory change)

Brachial artery

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15
Q

Brachioradialis reflex nerve root?

A

C5, C6

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16
Q

What’s this fracture?

A

Smith’s fracture (fall onto a flexed wrist)

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17
Q

How to clear C spine?

A

NSAID

N: Neurological deficit

S: Spinal midline tenderness

A: Altered mental status

I: Intoxication

D: Distracting injury

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18
Q

L4 nerve root motor? Gait abnormality?

A

L4 nerve root: foot dorsiflexion, difficulty with heel walking

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19
Q

What’s this fracture?

A

Galeazzi fracture (radial fracture with displaced radioulnar joint)

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20
Q

S1 nerve root motor? Gait abnormality?

A

S1 nerve root: Foot eversion, plantar flexion, difficult tippy toe walking

Loss of Achilles tendon reflex

21
Q

Dx and mx?

A

Scaphoid facture

Thumb spica cast 6 weeks

22
Q

Elbow flexion nerve roots?

A

C5, C6

23
Q

Risk factor for adhesive capsulitis?

A

Diabetes

24
Q

Finger extension nerve roots?

A

C7, C8

25
Q

Posterior interosseous nerve:

Branch of what?

Injury causes what?

Common injury in what?

A

Radial nerve

Purely motor loss (no sensory), cannot extend fingers but can extend wrist

Montaggia fracture (fracture of proximal of ulna and dislocation of radial head)

26
Q

Wirst dorsiflexion (extension) nerve roots?

A

C7, C8

27
Q

Inability to perform ‘ok’ sign is an issue with what nerve?

What fracture does it get injured?

A

Anterior interosseous nerve (branch of medial)

Motor not sensory

Supraconylar humetus fracture

28
Q

Distal radius fracture with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. Dx?

A

Galeazzi fracture.

29
Q

Type of fracture and classificaion?

Nerve and artery that may get injured?

A

Supraconylar fracture of the humeus

Gartland type 1 (no displacement, ft pad sign)

Anterior interoseous nerve (ok sign, no sensory change)

Brachial artery

30
Q

Shoulder adduction nerve roots?

A

C6, C7

31
Q

What’s this?

What nerve root is damaged?

What causes this?

A

Klumpske’s palsy

Lower brachial plexus C8-T1

Excessive shoulder abduction (pulling baby by arm, man grabs something as he falls)

32
Q

What clasification is this?

Mx?

A

Weber A

Stable unilateral malleolar fracture: short leg walking cast for 6 weeks

33
Q

L5 nerve root motor? Gait abnormality?

A

L5 nerve root: First toe dorsiflexion, foot drop gait

34
Q

Dx?

Nerve to be damaged?

A

Anterior shoulder dislocation

Axillary nerve (deltoids, badge sensory loss)

35
Q

What is this?

How does it happen?

A

Posterior shoulder dislocation (lightbulb sign)

Post seizure, electric shock

36
Q

24yo F. G1P1. Had child 4 months ago and works at a computer. Presents with R hand pain over last month. Pain over dorsal aspect of R thumb, radiating to wrist. No Hx of trauma. Exacerbated by computer use/ulnar movement of hand. Lump on dorsal lateral wrist.

Dx? One differential?

Test?

A

De Quervain tenosynovitis

Diff dx: ganglion

Finkelstein’s test

37
Q

L4 nerve root sensation?

A

L4 nerve root: Medial malleolus and central knee

38
Q

Student studying for exams starts working at new chair. Resting elbows on chair. Complains of weeks of pain/tingling in forearm/hand and weakness of hand strength.

A

Cubital tunnel syndrome: compression of ulnar nerve at cubital tunnel

39
Q

Shoulder abduction nerve roots?

A

C5, C6

40
Q

S1 nerve root sensation?

A

S1 nerve root: Lateral foot

41
Q

L5 nerve root sensation?

A

L5 nerve root: Lateral knee, dorsum of foot

42
Q

Finger flexion nerve roots?

A

C7, C8

43
Q

What classificaton is this?

Mx?

A

Weber C

If neurovascular comprimise, immediate reduction under sedation

Bimalleolar (at least, need lateral view for posterior tibia) with talar displacement: ORIF

44
Q

Distal radial fracture with volar displacement and angulation. Dx?

A

Smith’s fracture

45
Q

If there was an L5/S1 disc prolapse. which nerve root will be impinged and what deficit produced?

A

Lower nerve root (S1) - plantar flexion of foot

46
Q

NOF. What muscle causes the external rotation?

A

Ilioposas attach to lesser trochanter

47
Q

Pain over the lateral epicondyle on elbow?

A

Tennis elbow/ Lateral epicondylitis

Tendonitis of extensor carpi radialis longus

48
Q

Pain over the medial epicondyle of elbow?

A

Golfer’s elbow/ medial epicondylitis

Tendonitis of the floxor-pronator muscles

49
Q

Associated with what muscle?

A

ASIS avulsion fracture associated with satorius muscle.

MBBS V (6 decks)

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