Paediatrics Flashcards
Skin prick testing vs Serum allergen specific IgE?
Use serum allergen if risk of anaphylaxis is high
Risk factors for DDH (4)
Female
Frank breech
Family history
First born
What disease is this?
Tetraology of Falot (boot shaped heart)
Management of transposition of great arteries? (2)
Prostaglandins to maintain PDA
Surgical repair in first two weeks of life
What is Eissenmenger’s syndrome?
Chronic pulmonary hypertension caused by a left-right heart shunt, leading to right ventricular hypertrophy that eventually causes the right ventricle to push blood into the left ventricle (bypassing the lungs) -> cyanosis
What infecious disease gives you a high fever THEN a rash?
Roseola
Intussuscepion clinical signs (2)?
Colicky abdo pain wih relief with child pulling knees to chest
Red current jelly stool (ischemic bowel)
What is this disease?
Duodenal atresia
(Double bubble sign)
Toddler with new onse abdo pain, pulls knees to chest to make it better. Dx, physical exam, investigation, Mx?
Intussception (bowel teloscoping)
Sausage shaped mass
US: target sign
Air enema
<2 years old child has corzya symptoms and wheezing. Diagnosis? What’s it caused by and mx (3)
Bronchiolitis
Respiatory Syncytial Virus
Supportive care (High flow O2, IVT and suction fluids)
What’s this disease?
Perthes’ disease
What’s this disease?
Omphalocele
What is this disease?
Two associated issues?
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Lung hypoplasia
Persistant pulmonary hypertension
VSD clinical features? (4)
<1 years
Pansytolic murmur over left sternal border
CHF and failure to thrive
What type of fracture is this?
Salter-Harris fracture type 3: A physeal fracture that extends through the epiphysis
SALTER
Type I - S: “straight through”
Type II - A: “above” i.e. Proximal
Type III - L: “lower” i.e. Distal
Type IV - TE: “through everything”
Type V - R: “rammed”
Continuous machinery murmur. What is the disease? What other clinical features (1)? How to manage? (1+1)
Patent ductus arteriosis
Collapsing pulse
IV indomethicin (prostaglandin antagonist)
If transposition of great arteries present (progressive cyanosis) -> give prostaglandins to maintain until surgical repair
Mx of DDH (3)?
<6 months: Pavlik harness
Failure of Pavlick harness -> Spica casts
Older + walking with fixed deformity -> Open reduction
What this disease?
Osgood Schlatter’s Disease
Test for cystic fibrosis?
Sweat chloride test
Progressive cyanosis in first week of life is what disease?
Transposition of great arteries
Best test for intussusception?
US
Drooling child, hot potato voice, distress. Two diff dx?
Epiglottitis (unvaccineated against Hib)
Quinsy’s peritonsillar abscess: trimus, ipsilateral cervical lymphadenopathy, uvula shifted to contralateral side
Expiratory wheeze diff dx (4)
Asthma (>5 years)
Viral induced wheeze (<3 years)
Bronchiolitis (RSV virus < 2 years)
Inhaled foreign object (intrathoracic)
How to treat this condition?
Otitis media
Analgesia and review in 72 hours
Consider amoxycillin if: <6 months, indigenous, bilateral ear infections <2 years, systemically unwell (not just fever), otorrhoea (perforated membrane)
Differential diagnosis for lower GI bleeding in children? (5)
Premature infant: necrotising enterocolitis
3 months-3 years: Intussusception (acute onset colicky abdo pain)
Merkel’s diverticulum (painless)
> 2 years: Ulcerative colitis (bloody diarrhoea)
Invasive gastroenteritis (E. Coli, Shigella) (fever + bloody diarrhoea)
Most common brain tumour of childhood? Ix?
Pilocytic astrocytoma
Stains with glial fibrillary acidic protein
Clinical features of coarctation of aorta?
Upper limb HTN, lower limb hypotension
Brachial-femoral delay
Claudication of lower limbs
Absent femoral pulses
Dx (2) and Mx (2) for pathological jaundice?
Bilirubin - conjugated riased usually
Plot total bilirubin on normogram
Phototherapy
Exchange transfusion
What’s this disease?
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Feature of duodenal atresia (3)?
Polyhydramnios
Biliary projectile vomiting
Double bubble xray