Surgery

Question 1

The two main functions of the ACL are to what

Answer 1

1) Prevent anterior translation of tibia

2) Prevent excessive internal rotation of tibia

Question 2

Clinical tests for ACL dysfunction include (3)

Answer 2

Lachman’s
Anterior Drawer
Pivot Shift

Question 3

Which % of patients with ACL damage will have no instability?

Answer 3

1/3 (1/3 cope and 1/3 have recurrent giving way)

Question 4

The ACL ligament will eventually repair itself. True/false?

Answer 4

False

Question 5

The first choice of grafting for ACL repair is…

Answer 5

Semitendinosus tendon

Question 6

Alternative choice for grafting onto the ACL (not semitendinosus)?

Answer 6

Patellar tendon

Question 7

Acquired pes planus is associated with dysfunction of which muscle?

Answer 7

Tibialis Posterior

Question 8

Tibialis posterior dysfunction risk factors (3)

Answer 8

• Flat feet
• Hypertension
• DM

Question 9

Pain or swelling posterior to the medial malleoulus is very specific to which condition?

Answer 9

Tibialis posterior dysfunction

Question 10

Tibialis posterior dysfunction / pes planus can be treated with steroid injections. True/false?

Answer 10

False - treated with physio & insoles

Question 11

Tinel’s Test is a definitive test for which condition?

Answer 11

Plantar fasciitis

Question 12

Plantar fasciitis can be treated with steroid injection. True/false?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Hallux rigidus is OA of which joint?

Answer 13

1st MTP

Question 14

Morton’s Neuroma is a degenerative fibrosis of which nerve?

Answer 14

Digital nerve of foot near bifurcation

Question 15

Achilles tendinosis can be treated with steroids. True/false?

Answer 15

False

Question 16

Simmonds’ Test is a test for which condition?

Answer 16

Achilles tendinosus

Question 17

Claw toe is what (anatomically)?

Answer 17

-Dorsiflexed MTP, hyperflexed PIP

Question 18

Mallet toe is what (anatomically)?

Answer 18

Hyperflexed DIP

Question 19

Stable ankle fracture (those which doesn’t include medial malleolus or deltoid rupture) can be treated how?

Answer 19

Casting

Question 20

Unstable ankle fractures are what & how are they treated?

Answer 20

Fracture of ankle involving medial malleolus or deltoid ligament & treated with pins

Question 21

Lisfranc fracture is a fracture where?

Answer 21

Tarsometatarsal fracture and dislocation

Question 22

How are Lisfranc fractures treated?

Answer 22

Fixation

Question 23

What’s the standard (non-allergy) prophylatic antibiotics given for arthroplasty in NHST?

Answer 23

Co-amoxiclav 1.2g IV (+ 1g IV amoxicillin if BMI>30).

Question 24

What’s the standard (non-allergy) prophylatic antibiotics given for open fractures in NHST?

Answer 24

Co-amoxiclav 1.2g IV

Question 25

If a patient comes back MRSA positive prior to an orthopaedic surgery, how is their prophylaxis adjusted?

Answer 25

Add in IV vancomycin (atop: IV 1.2g co-amoxiclav)

Question 26

If a patient is penicillin allergic, which prophylactic antibiotics are given in open fracture or arthroplasty?

Answer 26

Co-trimoxazole + metronidazole