Surgery Flashcards
The two main functions of the ACL are to what
1) Prevent anterior translation of tibia
2) Prevent excessive internal rotation of tibia
Clinical tests for ACL dysfunction include (3)
Lachman’s
Anterior Drawer
Pivot Shift
Which % of patients with ACL damage will have no instability?
1/3 (1/3 cope and 1/3 have recurrent giving way)
The ACL ligament will eventually repair itself. True/false?
False
The first choice of grafting for ACL repair is…
Semitendinosus tendon
Alternative choice for grafting onto the ACL (not semitendinosus)?
Patellar tendon
Acquired pes planus is associated with dysfunction of which muscle?
Tibialis Posterior
Tibialis posterior dysfunction risk factors (3)
- Flat feet
- Hypertension
- DM
Pain or swelling posterior to the medial malleoulus is very specific to which condition?
Tibialis posterior dysfunction
Tibialis posterior dysfunction / pes planus can be treated with steroid injections. True/false?
False - treated with physio & insoles
Tinel’s Test is a definitive test for which condition?
Plantar fasciitis
Plantar fasciitis can be treated with steroid injection. True/false?
True
Hallux rigidus is OA of which joint?
1st MTP
Morton’s Neuroma is a degenerative fibrosis of which nerve?
Digital nerve of foot near bifurcation
Achilles tendinosis can be treated with steroids. True/false?
False
Simmonds’ Test is a test for which condition?
Achilles tendinosus
Claw toe is what (anatomically)?
-Dorsiflexed MTP, hyperflexed PIP
Mallet toe is what (anatomically)?
Hyperflexed DIP
Stable ankle fracture (those which doesn’t include medial malleolus or deltoid rupture) can be treated how?
Casting
Unstable ankle fractures are what & how are they treated?
Fracture of ankle involving medial malleolus or deltoid ligament & treated with pins
Lisfranc fracture is a fracture where?
Tarsometatarsal fracture and dislocation
How are Lisfranc fractures treated?
Fixation
What’s the standard (non-allergy) prophylatic antibiotics given for arthroplasty in NHST?
Co-amoxiclav 1.2g IV (+ 1g IV amoxicillin if BMI>30).
What’s the standard (non-allergy) prophylatic antibiotics given for open fractures in NHST?
Co-amoxiclav 1.2g IV
If a patient comes back MRSA positive prior to an orthopaedic surgery, how is their prophylaxis adjusted?
Add in IV vancomycin (atop: IV 1.2g co-amoxiclav)
If a patient is penicillin allergic, which prophylactic antibiotics are given in open fracture or arthroplasty?
Co-trimoxazole + metronidazole
