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Step 2 > Surgery > Flashcards

Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 most common causes of acute pancreatitis?

A

Alcohol

Gallstones

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2
Q

What is the next best test in diagnosing acute pancreatitis?

A

Serum lipase then abdominal CT

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3
Q

What is the leading risk factor for aortic dissection?

A

Longstanding hypertension

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of aortic dissections and how are they managed?

A

Stanford Type A – ascending, require surgery

Stanford Type B – descending, may be managed medically

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5
Q

What is the first step in treating an acute dissection?

A

IV beta blocker to decrease HR and BP

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6
Q

What is the best imaging test for aortic dissection?

A

Chest CT with IV contrast

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7
Q

What 3 nerves does C7 give rise to?

A

Musculocutaneous
Radial
Median

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8
Q

What nerve root radiculopathy results in pain and numbness in index and middle fingers, weak elbow and wrist flexion, and diminished triceps reflex?

A

C7

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9
Q

What nerve root radiculopathy results in neck and shoulder pain, numbness on lateral arm, weakness in abduction and ext rotation, elbow flexion and supination and decreased biceps reflex?

A

C5

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10
Q

What nerve root radiculopathy results in pain and numbness of lateral arm, forearm and first and second digits?

A

C6

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11
Q

What nerve root radiculopathy results in pain and numbness of medial forearm and fourth and fifth digits, weakened wrist extension and finger extension and abduction?

A

C8

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12
Q

What nerve root radiculopathy results in pain and numbness of medial forearm and weakened thumb flexion and abduction and finger Ab/adduction?

A

T1

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13
Q

What is the likely etiology of acute hyperglycemia in a patient started on TPN several days prior?

A

Sepsis

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14
Q

Treatment of symptomatic aortic stenosis

A

Surgery, NOT medicine

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15
Q

What aortic valve area denotes severe aortic stenosis and is the cut off for surgical intervention?

A

<0.8 cm^2

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16
Q

What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with angina, syncopal episodes, dyspnea, SOB and peripheral edema?

A

Aortic stenosis with CHF

17
Q

What is a complication of splenectomy that results in fever, leukocytosis, pleuritic chest pain and shoulder pain?

A

Subphrenic abscess

18
Q

What is the next best test for diagnosing subphrenic abscess?

A

CT abd

19
Q

What is the first line treatment of subphrenic abscess?

A

Percutaneous drainage

20
Q

Next best test in suspected acute myelopathy

A

MRI spine to look for structural or compressive etiologies

21
Q

What are the four features of transverse myelitis?

A

Weakness of arms and legs
Back pain
Sensory loss in legs
Bowel and bladder Dysfunction

22
Q

Central T2 hyperintensity over 2+ segments of the spinal cord with >2/3 cord area involved

A

Transverse myelitis

23
Q

What is the next best test in suspected cholecystitis?

A

RUQ US (stones, sludge, pericholecystic fluid, thickened wall, gas in gallbladder)

24
Q

If RUQ US is unequivocal and cholecystitis is suspected, what is the next best test?

A

HIDA scan

25
Q

What is the treatment of acute cholecystitis?

A
  1. IV abx (cover enterics, GNRs)
  2. IVF and electrolytes
  3. Non-emergent cholecystectomy
26
Q

Watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, achlorhydria

A

VIPoma

27
Q

What are the symptoms of a VIPoma?

A

Watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, achlorhydria

28
Q

What are the major functions of vasoactive intestinal peptide?

A
  1. Increases secretion of water and lytes into GI tract

2. Relaxes GI tract smooth muscle and sphincters

29
Q

What is the best diagnostic test for VIPoma?

A

CT abd

30
Q

What is the treatment of a VIPoma?

A
  1. Octreotide

2. Surgical resection

31
Q

Which GI tumor causes decreased insulin and glucagon causing diabetes, cholelithiasis, weight loss, diarrhea and hypochlorhydria

A

Somatostatinoma

32
Q

What is the presentation of a gastrinoma?

A

Recurrent peptic ulcer disease

33
Q

What is the Whipple Triad and what is it associated with?

A

Diagnosing insulinomas

  1. Low blood glucose
  2. Sx of hypoglycemia
  3. Resolution of sx once blood sugar normal

Step 2 (7 decks)

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