Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Step 2 > Ob/Gyn > Flashcards

Ob/Gyn Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 diagnostic tests in suspected ovarian cancer workup?

A 
Baseline serum CA-125
CT abd/pelvis for staging 
CXR 
Mammogram
Pap smear 
Colonoscopy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are 2 major risk factors for ovarian cancer?

A

Family history

Increased ovulatory cycles (infertility, nulliparity, >50)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most common treatment course for ovarian cancer?

A

Surgical debulking then chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most common type of ovarian cancer

A

Epithelial ovarian cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Af what stage are most ovarian cancers diagnosed?

A

Stage III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Virilization, hirsutism, acne, short stature, late onset menses – diagnosis?

A

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency (inc levels of progesterone and 17 hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone but no cortisol or aldosterone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is the diagnosis of CAH due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency diagnosed?

A

ACTH challenge leading to increased levels of 17 hydroxyprogesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Inflammatory eczematous lesions of nipple and areola

A

Paget Disease of breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If a patient presents with crusty, eczematous lesions on the breast, what MUST be performed and why?

A

Full thickness punch biopsy since paget disease of breast is highly associated with in site or invasive ductal carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Benign growths in milk ducts that cause nipple discharge

A

Intraductal papillomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lumpy breasts with midcycle tenderness

A

Fibrocystic changes of the breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Benign but large, bulky breast tumor with cystic spaces, leaflike projections and myxoid contents

A

Phyllodes tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diagnosis of paget disease of breast

A

Full thickness punch biopsy and mammogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Treatment of paget disease of breast

A

Surgical excision and radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is androgen insensitivity syndrome

A

X-linked recessive disorder where XY males have unresponsiveness of testosterone receptor to testosterone and DHT so they develop female external genitalia ad have male internal genitalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Normal-appearing female with male genotype

A

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

17
Q

How would a patient with androgen insensitivity syndrome present?

A

Amenorrhea, lack of axillary or pubic hair, cryptorchid testes, blind vaginal pouch

18
Q

What is the mechanism of 5-alpha reductase deficiency?

A

XY males can’t convert testosterone to DHT so they have ambiguous external genitalia until puberty when they eventually become masculinized

19
Q

What causes ovaries but ambiguous or masculine external genitalia in 46XX?

A

Exposure to androgen steroids during pregnancy

20
Q

What causes testes but ambiguous or feminine external genitalia in 46XY?

A

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

21
Q

What are the estrogen, LH ad FSH levels in menopause?

A 
Estrogen = low
LH = high
FSH = high
22
Q

What is the pathophysiology behind menopause?

A

Loss of ovarian follicles and ovary dysfunction leading to loss of response to GnRH ad therefore cessation of estrogen production

23
Q

What are the symptoms of menopause?

A

HAVOCS = hot flashes, atrophy of vagina, osteoporosis, CAD, sleep disturbances

24
Q

How does HPV lead to cervical cancer?

A

E6 and E7 proteins downregulate p53 and Rb tumor suppressors so G1 to S progression continues and leads to replication of damaged cells

25
Q

What is the primary lesion of HPV and what do they look like?

A

Papules forming condylomata acuminata that are irregular, pinkish white raised cauliflower-appearing clusters

26
Q

Papules that are irregular, pinkish white raised cauliflower-appearing clusters, pruritic and non-painful

A

HPV

27
Q

How are HPV warts diagnosed?

A

Clinically and biopsy for confirmation

28
Q

What is the treatment for HPV lesions?

A
  1. Cryotherapy, laser or excision

2. Topical agents – podophyllotoxin, imiquimod, trichloroacetic acid

29
Q

Which HPV serotypes are associated with warts? Cancer?

A

Warts – 6, 11

Cancer – 16, 18, 31

30
Q

What type of vaccine is the HPV vaccine?

A

Subunit

31
Q

What are 4 risk factors for cervical cancer?

A

Early sexual activity
Multiple partners
Smoking
Low SES

32
Q

What are 7 risk factors for endometrial cancer?

A 
Late menopause 
Estrogen therapy
Nulliparity 
Decreased fertility
Diabetes 
Tamoxifen 
Obesity
33
Q

Which cancers does nulliparity increase your risk for?

A

Breast

Endometrial

34
Q

What are 6 risk factors for breast cancer?

A 
Nulliparity 
Female gender
Early first menarche (<12)
Delayed first pregnancy (>30)
Late menopause (>50)
Family history

Step 2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions