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Pediatrics 3B > Surgery 3B - Urology > Flashcards

Surgery 3B - Urology Flashcards

1
Q

Renal fxns

A

FIltration
Reabsorption
Secretion
x phagocytosis

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2
Q

Ureteral blood supply

A

Abdominal aorta
Renal artery
Illiac artery
x thoracic artery

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3
Q

Endocrine organs

A

Kidneys
Testes
x ureters
x bladder

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4
Q

Male urethra

A

Prostatic
Bulbous
Penile
x vas deferens

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5
Q

Areas of narrowing in ureter

A

Uretrovesical jxn
Area crossing iliac vessels
Uretero pelvic jxn
x Fossa navicularis

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6
Q

Contained w/in gerota’s gascia

A

Adrenal glands
Kidney
Perinephric fat
x Psoas muscle

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7
Q

Renal lymphatic drainage

A

Perihilar nodes
Interaortocaval nodes
Paraaortic nodes
x internal iliac nodes

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8
Q

Urinary bladder structures

A

Detrussor m
Trigone
Transitional cell epithelium
x seminal vesicles

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9
Q

Prostate gland consists of

A

Sm muscle
Glandular structures
Fibrous tissue
x Seminiferous tubues

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10
Q

Penile structures

A

Corpora cavernosa
Urethra
Corpora Spongiosa
x Epididymis

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11
Q

Obstructive urinary tract symptoms

A

Dec of uninary caliber
Terminal dribbling
Urinary retention
x dysuria

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12
Q

Irritative urinary symptoms

A

Dysuria
x Hesitancy
x Terminal dribbling
x Urinary retention

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13
Q

Bloody urine

A

Hematuria

x Chyluria, pneumaturia, dysuria

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14
Q

Blood in semen

A

Hematospermia

x Hematuria, pneumaturia, chyluria

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15
Q

Exam urilized for renal dse

A

Palpation
Kidney Punch
x vaginal exam, rectal exam

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16
Q

UA components

A

Pus cells
RBC
pH
x Creatinine

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17
Q

UTI

A

WBC: 20-30/hpf
>100k colonies of E. coli
x pH 6, SG 1.010

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18
Q

Imaging studies for renal stones

A

UTZ
CT
XRay
x Angiography

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19
Q

Evaluate renal fxn

A

Renal scan

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20
Q

Acute prostatitis

A

Enlarged tender prostate
Dysuria
Fever
x hard nodular prostate

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21
Q

Kidney produces

A

Renin
Angiotensin
Erythropoietin

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22
Q

1’ physical characteristic of high osmolar contrast agents is that responsible for their toxicity

A

Hyper-tonicity

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23
Q

Contrast agent-induced reactions including urtricaria, edema, hypotension, are thought to be

A

Anaphylactoid

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24
Q

Agent of choice for renal cortical imaging

A

Tc99m DMSA

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25
Q

WAGR syndrome most freq associated w/

A

deletion of chromosome 11

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26
Q

Risk factors associated w/nephrotoxicity in patients receiving high osmolar contrast media include ff except

A 
renal insufficiency 
diabetic nephropathy 
multiple administrations w/short interval
hyperuricemia
x hypoalbuminemia
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27
Q

MC non invasive dx workup used for urological pt

A

UTZ

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28
Q

MC dx GU carcinoma in males

A

prostate CA

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29
Q

Tx for prostate CA

A

Ext beam radiation
Radical prostatectomy
Brachytherapy
Chemotherapy

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30
Q

Radical nephrectomy includes

A

Kidney
Gerota’s fascia
Hilar LN
Contralateral adrenal glands

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31
Q

Straddle injury includes

A

Corpus spongiosum
Bulbous urethra
x prostatic urethra, bladder

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32
Q

Radical cystectomy in men includes

A

Perivesical fat

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33
Q

Complications of ureterolithiasis

A

Hydronephrosis
Pyonephrosis
Pyelonephritis
x UB diverticulum

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34
Q

Radioluscent stones

A

Uric acid
Cystine
x Struvite Ca phosphate

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35
Q

Hematogenous route of infection

A

Tuberculous orchitis
Tuberculous nephritis
x pyelonephritis epididymitis

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36
Q

Asc route of infection

A

Pyelonephritis
Cystitis
x Tuberculous orchitis, Diverticulitis

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37
Q

Multiple scrotal sinuses

A

Actinomycosis
Tuberculosis (testicular)
x prostatitis, cystitis

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38
Q

Struvite stones/Staghorn calculi

A

Mg
NH4
PO4
x cystine

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39
Q

Tx for renal calculi

A

ESWL
Open nephrolithotomy
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Medical therapy

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40
Q

Major renal injury

A

Contusion
1cm parachymal laceration
x urinary extravasetion, renal artery avulsion

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41
Q

Posterior urethral injury

A

Floating prostate
Blood per urethral meatus
Bladder distension
Pelvic fracture

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42
Q

Ant urethral injury

A

Straddle injury
Bulbous urethra
x pelvic fracture, prostatic urethra

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43
Q

Distal third urethral injury

A

Ureteroscopic injury
Pelvic Sx
x Deceleration injury, Blunt injury

44
Q

Stage B UB tumor includes

A

Mucosa
Muscularis
x Illiac LN, Adventia

45
Q

Stage A prostatic CA involves

A

Peripheral zone of prostate

x illiac LN, seminal vesicles, bladder neck

46
Q

REnal cell CA metastasizes to

A

Lung
Liver
Bones
LN

47
Q

Radical nephrectomy includes

A

Gerota’s fascia
Perinephric fat
Kidneys
Adrenal glands

48
Q

Radical cystectomy for males includes

A

Prostate
Seminal vesicles
U bladder
Distal part of vas deferens

49
Q

Radical prostatectomy

A

Prostate
Seminal vesicle
Distal part of vas deferens
Illian LN

50
Q

Treatment for acute prostatitis

A

Antimicrobials
Alpha blocker
Anti inflammatory
x finasteride

51
Q

Tx for symptomatic BPH

A

5 alpha reductase inh
Alpha blocker
TURP
Open prostatectomy

52
Q

Tx for organ confied prostatic CA

A

Low dose rate brachytherapy
Radical prostatectomy
High dose rate bradytherapy
Ext beam radiation

53
Q

Immediate tx/mgt for urethral injury

A

Cystostomy

x primary anastomosis, urethral catherization, observation

54
Q

Tx modalities for RCC

A

Radical nephrectomy
Biologic response modifiers
x simple nephrectomy, chemotherapy

55
Q

Tx modalities for bladder malignancies

A

Radical cystectomy
Intra-vesical chemo
Radiation
Bladder replacement

56
Q

Where are renal pyramids

A

Inner medulla

57
Q

Apices of renal pyramids project into

A

renal sinus

58
Q

Urine in the renal papillae drain into

A

minor calices

59
Q

Where are pacemaker muscle cells of kidney that initiate and exert peristalic activite

A

minor calices

60
Q

Which part of kidney is not covered by renal fascia

61
Q

R internal spermatic v drains

62
Q

L gonadal vein drains

A

L Renal vein

63
Q

Area of prostate traversed by ejaculatory ducts is known as the

A

central zone

64
Q

Lower UT symptoms in BPH

A

Urgency
Frequency
Nocturia

65
Q

What causes the pain assoc w/stone in the ureter

A

Obstruction of urine flow w/distension of renal capsule

66
Q

Site where BPH arises

A

transitional zone

67
Q

Colic caused by ureteral stone and RLQ pain in appendicitis

A

referred pain

68
Q

MCC pain w/gross hematuria

A

ureteral obstruction d/t blood clots

69
Q

MCC continuous incontinence

A

Vesiculovaginal fistula

70
Q

Info from pelvic bimanual exam not obtained in radiologic eval

A

mobility/fixation of pelvic organs

71
Q

MCC cloudy urine

72
Q

Hematuria distinguished from hemoglobinuria or myoglobinuria by

A

microscopic presence of RBC

73
Q

Chronic scrotal pain most often d/t

A

hydrocoele

74
Q

Terminal hematuria is usually seen in

A

prostatic inflammation

75
Q

Enuresis is physiologic until

76
Q

Measurement for catheters

77
Q

1 mm in diameter = __ French

78
Q

What is unique of obstructive nephropathy compared to hydronephrosis

A

Renal fxn impairment

79
Q

Chance of renal recovery after ureteral obstruction most influenced by

A

early relief of obstruction

80
Q

Characteristic of hydronephrosis of pregnancy

A

R side more affected

81
Q

Male urethra corresponds to posterior urethra

A

Prostatic urethra

82
Q

What part of the male urethra is longest

A

spongy penile urethra

83
Q

Bilateral obstruction of UT what is noticed

A

max fxns excerted by both kidneys

84
Q

Normal excusion of kidneys during respiration

85
Q

Abnormal loc of kidneys are noted in

A

nephroptosis

86
Q

Stress incontinence is common seen in

A

laxed pelciv floor musculature

87
Q

CVA tenderness is elicited in

A

Pyelonephritis

88
Q

Presence of gas (pneumaaturia) in UT is seen in

A

Sigmoid CA

89
Q

Initial hematuria seen in ff

A

Meatal stricture

90
Q

Condition assoc w/exstrophy of the bladder

A

epispadias

91
Q

Oliguria =

A

< 400cc/day

92
Q

Imaging of choice in scrotal pathology

93
Q

Calculi composed of what are not seen on plain radiographs

94
Q

Absolute indication for open repair of blunt bladder rupture injury

A

sig intraperitoneal bladder rupture

95
Q

Blunt trauma pt w/pelvic fracture was seen at the ER. No urine output, hypogastric area distended. Blood coming out of meatus. Dx choice?

A

Retrograde urethrography

96
Q

Which environmental factor is most generally accepted as a risk factor for RCC

97
Q

Suppressor gene for Wilm’s tumor

98
Q

Voiding cystourethropgraphy shows reflux of contrast to upper tract, dilation of calyceal system, marked tortuosity of ureter. What grade

99
Q

Histologic type of bladder CA from remnant of urachus

A

adenocarcinoma

100
Q

Incidence of prostatic CA strongly assoc w/

A

family history

101
Q

what structure w/in renal hilum divides renal artery into ant and post

A

renal pelvis

102
Q

Best renal imaging protocol for living renal donor to define renal anatomy and vasculature and to rule out renal stone

A

helical CT w/out and w/ IV contrast and a KUB radiograph

103
Q

Risk of hyperacute rejection after kidney transplant is high when which of the ff crossmatch is (+)

A

B cell micro-lymphocyto-toxicity

104
Q

Total hematuria is noted in

A

passage of ureteral stone

105
Q

Assoc w/ extrophy of the bladder

A

Epispadias

Pediatrics 3B (12 decks)

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