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Pediatrics 3B > Pedia 3B - Applied Neonat > Flashcards

Pedia 3B - Applied Neonat Flashcards

0
Q

Severity of Jaundice
A. Prenatal history
B. Natal history
C. Neonatal history

A

Neonatal

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1
Q

GP of mother
A. Prenatal history
B. Natal history
C. Neonatal history

A

Prenatal

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2
Q

Spontaneous breathing at birth
A. Prenatal history
B. Natal history
C. Neonatal history

A

Natal

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3
Q

Hx of Phototherapy

A. Prenatal history
B. Natal history
C. Neonatal history

A

Neonatal

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4
Q

APGAR
A. Prenatal history
B. Natal history
C. Neonatal history

A

Natal

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5
Q

History & PE

- Child swallows dirt, crayon, chalk etc

A

PICA

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6
Q

History & PE

Excessive thirst and water intake

A

Polydipsia

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7
Q 
History & PE 
Generalized Jaundice (sparring sclera)
A

Carotenemia

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8
Q

History & PE

Child regurgitates food into mouth & chews it

A

Rumination

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9
Q

History & PE

Blue without dyspnea

A

met-hemoglobunemia

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10
Q

History & PE

Generalized Cyanosis + Warm Extremities

A

Central Cyanosis

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11
Q

History & PE
Generalized Cyanosis (sparring tongue)
Cold extremities

A

Peripheral Cyanosis

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12
Q

History & PE

Failure of muscle coordination

A

Ataxia

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13
Q

History & PE

Pacified Swallowing

A

?

Maybe it’s supposed to be “Painful”? = Odynophagia

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14
Q

History & PE

Difficult swallowing

A

Dysphagia
Odynophagia
Note that Odynophagia usually refers to painful swallowing while Dysphagia refers to difficulty swallowing

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15
Q

History & PE

Lycopenemia

A

Red skin

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16
Q

History & PE

Athetosis

A

Athetosis is a symptom characterized by slow, involuntary, convoluted, writhing movements of the fingers, hands, toes, and feet

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17
Q

Hx and PE

Unsteady gait

A

Ataxia

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18
Q

Hx and PE
Pulse
- INC w/inspiration
- DEC w/expiration

A

Sinus Arrhythmia

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19
Q

Hx and PE

Pulse volume DEC (or disappears) at the end of inspiration

A

Pulsus paradoxus

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20
Q

Hx and PE

Rapid, deep breathing in metabolic acidosis

A

Kussmaul’s breathing

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21
Q

Hx and PE

Alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing with recurring periods of apnea

A

Biot’s breathing

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22
Q

Hx and PE

Lying still in bed and do NOT want their abdomen touched

A

Peritoneal Irritation

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23
Q

Hx and PE

Irritability and dyspnea WORSE when laying flat

A

Congestive Heart Failure

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24
Q

Hx and PE

Shrill shrieking and high pitched cry

A

CNS disease

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25
Q

Hx and PE

Abdominal pain AGGRAVATED by palpation

A

Pain secondary to inflammation

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26
Q

Hx and PE

Abdominal pain RELIEVED by palpation

A

Pain secondary to SPASM

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27
Q

Hx and PE

4 month old with head circumference larger than the chest circumference

A

Normal

Insert more info

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28
Q

Hx and PE

12 month old w/Head > Chest

A

Marasmus

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29
Q

Hx and PE
Noisy, musical respiratory sound
Heard even w/o stethoscope

A

Wheeze

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30
Q

Hx and PE

Sensory Changes

A

CNS disease

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31
Q

Hx and PE

Dark urine

A

Myoglobinuria

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32
Q

Hx and PE

Exaggerated reflexes

A

Peripheral nerve disease

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33
Q

Eye

Latent Tendency of eyes to deviate

A

Heterophoria

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34
Q

Eye

Partial or complete loss of vision

A

Amaurosis

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35
Q

Eye

Ideal condition of exact ocular balance

A

Orthophoria

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36
Q

Eye

Constant misalignment of the eyes

A

Heterotropia

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37
Q

Eye

Abnormal shape of the pupil

A

Dyscoria

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38
Q

Head Shape

Head is elongated in AP diameter

A

Scapho-cephaly

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39
Q

Head Shape

Top of the head is POINTED

A

Turri-cephaly

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40
Q

Head Shape

One side of the head is more rounded

A

Plagio-cephaly

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41
Q

Head Shape

Tower head

A

Oxi-cephaly

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42
Q

Chest

Pre-sternal edema

A

Mumps

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43
Q

Chest

Shield-shaped chest

A

Turner’s

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44
Q

Chest

Absence of clavicle

A

Cleido-cranial dyostosis

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45
Q

Chest

Super-numary nipples

A

Renal abnormality

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46
Q

Chest

Pigeon Chest

A

Rickets

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47
Q

Behavioral Problems

Acting out

A

Adolescence

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48
Q

Behavioral Problems

Bed wetting

A

School age

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49
Q

Behavioral Problems

Breath holding

A

Pre-school

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50
Q

Behavioral Problems

Child neglect

A

Infancy

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51
Q

Prenatal, Natal, Neonatal

Gravida Parity

A

Prenatal

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52
Q

Prenatal, Natal, Neonatal

Mother’s age

A

Prenatal

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53
Q

Prenatal, Natal, Neonatal

Polyhydramnios

A

Prenatal

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54
Q

Prenatal, Natal, Neonatal

Maternal intake of metformin

A

Prenatal

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55
Q

Prenatal, Natal, Neonatal

Phototherapy

A

Natal

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56
Q

Prenatal, Natal, Neonatal

APGAR

A

Natal

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57
Q

Prenatal, Natal, Neonatal

Meconium staining

A

Natal

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58
Q

Prenatal, Natal, Neonatal

NSD

A

Natal

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59
Q

Prenatal, Natal, Neonatal

Duration of nursery stay

A

Neonatal

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60
Q

Prenatal, Natal, Neonatal

Severity of Jaundice

A

Neonatal

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61
Q

History and PE

Health history of the yaya

A

Family history

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62
Q

History and PE

Are these the natural parents?

A

Family Hx

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63
Q

History and PE

Is there bed wetting?

A

Personal and Social

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64
Q

History and PE

What is the usual eating pattern?

A

Personal Social/

Why not Nutritional??

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65
Q

History and PE

Was phototherapy done?

A

Neonatal

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66
Q

History and PE

History of repeated accidents?

A

Past medical history

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67
Q

History and PE

What was the pattern of weight gain?

A

Nutritional

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68
Q

History and PE

What was the age of weaning?

A

Nutritional

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69
Q

History and PE

APGAR score

A

Natal

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71
Q

History and PE

What was the total duration of labor?

A

Natal

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72
Q

History and PE

40th week of gestation

A

Neonatal

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73
Q

History and PE

Exchange transfusion was done

A

Past medical history

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74
Q

History and PE

APGAR score of 9

A

Natal

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75
Q

History and PE

Two cord coils

A

Natal

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76
Q

History and PE

Presence of cataract

A

Neonatal

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77
Q

History and PE

Blood in sputum

A

Hemoptysis

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78
Q

History and PE

Patient is blue without dyspnea

A

Met-hemoglobinemia

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79
Q

History and PE

Purposeless, repetitive movement

A

Tics

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80
Q

History and PE

Double vision

A

Diplopia

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81
Q

History and PE

Involuntary discharge of urine occuring during sleep at night

A

Enuresis

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82
Q

History and PE

Sensation as if surrounding objects are going round and round

A

Vertigo

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83
Q

History and PE

Purposeless, non-repetitive involuntary movement

A

Chorea

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84
Q

History and PE

Slow writhing movements of the distal portion of the extremities

A

Athetosis

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85
Q

History and PE

Purposeless, non-repetitive movements

A

Chorea

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86
Q

History and PE

Purposeless, repetative movements

A

Tics

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87
Q

History and PE
Rapid oscillatory movements
Present at Rest

A

Tremor

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88
Q

History and PE

Slow rhytmic movements of the extremities and face

A

Athethosis

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89
Q

History and PE

Intermittent contractions of a single muscle group (or group of muscles) resulting in a quick jerky motion of a limb

A

Myoclonus

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90
Q

History and PE: Posture

Extension of the neck

A

Decerebrate

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91
Q

History and PE: Posture

Flexion of the elbows and wrists

A

Decorticate

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92
Q

History and PE: Posture

Extension of the lower limbs

A

BOTH
Decerebrate
Decorticate

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93
Q

History and PE: Posture

Pronation of the forearm

A

Decerebrate posture

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94
Q

History and PE: Posture

Extension at the elbows

A

Decerebrate

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95
Q

History and PE: Skin

Blanch w/pressure

A

Macules

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96
Q

History and PE: Skin

Do NOT blanch w/pressure

A

Petechiae

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97
Q

History and PE: Skin

Confluent papules

A

Plaques

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98
Q

History and PE: Skin

Larger lesions are called bullae

A

Vesicles

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99
Q

History and PE: Skin

Central portion of the lesion paler than periphery

A

Wheals

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100
Q

History and PE: Normal or Abnormal

Hydrocele at 3months

A

Normal

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101
Q

History and PE: Normal or Abnormal

L scrotum is lower than right

A

Normal

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102
Q

History and PE: Normal or Abnormal

Active bowel sounds in late intestinal obstruction

A

Abnormal

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103
Q

History and PE: Normal or Abnormal

Kidney felt best in deep inspiration

A

Normal

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104
Q

History and PE: Normal or Abnormal

Milky white breast secretions in a 5 day old neonate

A

Normal

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105
Q

History and PE: History

Yaya diagnosted w/milk TB

A

Family History

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106
Q

History and PE: History

Sources of support

A

Personal and Social

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107
Q

History and PE: History

Baby sleeps after feeding

A

Nutritional history

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108
Q

History and PE: History

Exchange Transfusion

A

Neonatal history

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109
Q

History and PE: History

Oligohydromnios

A

Natal history

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110
Q

History and PE: History

Term of pregnancy

A

Pre-natal

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111
Q

History and PE: History

Phototherapy

A

Neo-natal

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112
Q

History and PE: History

Polyhydramnios

A

Natal

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113
Q

History and PE: History

Meconium Staining

A

Natal

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114
Q

History and PE: History

Adequacy of milk intake

A

NONE

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115
Q

History and PE: History

Teenage pregnancy

A

Pre-natal

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116
Q

History and PE: History

G1P1

A

Pre-natal

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117
Q

History and PE: History

Birth weight

A

Natal

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118
Q

History and PE: History

Forceps delivery

A

Natal

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119
Q

History and PE: History

Induced Labor

A

Natal

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120
Q

History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic

Cephalhematoma

A

Physiologic

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121
Q

History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic

Ebstein pearls

A

Physiologic

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122
Q

History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic

Erythematoxicum

A

Physiologic

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123
Q

History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic

(+) Anlke clonus at 1 week of life

A

Physiologic

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124
Q

History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic

Unequal moro reflex

A

PATHOLOGIC

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125
Q

History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic

Caput succedanum

A

Physiologic

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126
Q

History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic

Scaphoid abdomen at birth

A

Pathologic

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127
Q

History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic

Bounding dorsalis pedis pulses

A

Pathologic

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128
Q

History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic

Mila over the tip of the nose at 3 days of life

A

Physiologic

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129
Q

History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic

Peripheral cyanosis at 4 hours of life

A

Physiologic

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130
Q

History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic

36.7 C at 24h life

A

Pathologic

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131
Q

History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic

Head circumerfence of 34cm

A

Physiologic

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132
Q

History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic

Globular abdomen at 46H life

A

Physiologic

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133
Q

History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic

RR = 60/min at 1 hour life

A

Physiologic

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134
Q

History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic

Negative fencing reflex at 1 week of life

A

Pathologic

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135
Q

History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic

Consumes 15cc breastmilk at 12h life

A

Physiologic

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136
Q

History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic

(+) Palmar grasp at 24H life

A

Physiologic

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137
Q

History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic

Passage of urine at 30H life in a 34 week neonate

A

Physiologic

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138
Q

History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic

(+) crepitations over the clavicular area

A

Pathologic

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139
Q

History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic

(+) Head lag at 2 weeks of life

A

Physiologic

140
Q

History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic

Umbilical cord stump falls off at 21 days

A

Pathologic

141
Q

History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic

Urethral discharge on 3 day old male

A

Pathologic

142
Q

History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic

Highly pigmented genitalia on a newborn female

A

Pathologic?

143
Q

History and PE: T/F

In taking hx, remember to have a period of communication with the child even though the parents are talking

A

T

144
Q

History and PE: T/F

In asking questions, use both open-ended and leading questions

A

T

145
Q

History and PE: T/F

During the process of questioning, if a parent does not look in your eyes directly, it always means evasion

A

F

146
Q

History and PE: T/F

Abdominal pain made worse by squeezing the abdomen is likey to be spastic in nature

A

T

147
Q

History and PE: T/F

FF a hx of doctor-shopping by the family, one must be aware of the pediatric version of “Sandifier Syndrome”

A

T

148
Q

History and PE: T/F

Gravida = number of pregnancies reaching age of viability

A

F

149
Q

History and PE: T/F

Snoring = form of grunt which occurs during sleep

A

T

Isn’t snoring a form of Stridor?

150
Q

History and PE: T/F

Height should be measured in the supine position in infants and children below 2

A

T

151
Q

History and PE: T/F

Head circumference is measured at the point of max: Glabella and 1 inch above occipital protuberance

A

F

152
Q

History and PE: T/F

Normally at birth, head circumerence > chest circumferance and remains so until 6m of age

A

T

153
Q

History and PE: T/F

Normally, the axillary temperature is lower than the oral

A

T

154
Q

History and PE: T/F

Sinus arrythmia = rapid pulse during expiration and slower during inspiration

A

F

155
Q

History and PE: T/F
A narrow blood pressure cuff will give spuriously high blood pressure
Broader cuff will give a lower reading

A

T

156
Q

History and PE: T/F

Movement is lost in both pyramidal and extra-pyramidal dse

A

T

157
Q

History and PE: T/F

(+) Moro reflex up to 6m is normal

A

F

158
Q

History and PE: T/F

Absence of balancing reflex for sitting after 8 m is abnormal

A

T

159
Q

History and PE: T/F

Knee jerk is an example of a deep reflex

A

T

160
Q

History and PE: T/F

Social smile ~ 3 months

A

F

161
Q

History and PE: T/F

Bloody vaginal discharge among newborns is pathologic

A

F

162
Q

History and PE: T/F

Pleural pain gets worse on coughing.

A

T

163
Q

History and PE: T/F

INC ICP gets worse w/coughing

A

T

164
Q

History and PE: T/F

Sclera is spared in carotenemia and lycopenemia

A

T

165
Q

History and PE: T/F

In PICA, aside from mental retardation, there is a Hx of swallowing any inedible thing

A

F

166
Q

Condition: Polycythemia in IDM
CM:
Tx:

A

Condition:
CM: Phlethora
Tx: Partial Exchange transfusion

167
Q

Condition: Hypocalcemia in IDM
CM:
Tx:

A

Condition:
CM: Lipsmacking
Tx: Ca bolus

168
Q

Condition: RDS of prematurity
CM:
Tx:

A

Condition:
CM: EXP grunting
Tx: PEEP

169
Q

Condition: ARF
CM:
Tx:

A

Condition:
CM: UO <1cc/kg/h
Tx: Fluids

170
Q

Condition: Neonatal sepsis
CM:
Tx:

A

Condition:
CM: Poor suck
Tx: Ab coverage for G +/-

171
Q

Condition: Hypoglycemia in IDM
Cause:

A

Condition:
Cause: Abrupt cessation of glucose production w/existing fetal hyper-insulinemia

172
Q

Condition: Early hypocalcemia
Cause:

A

Condition:
Cause: Fxn’l hypo-parathyroidism

173
Q

Condition:
Cause: Hyaline membrane disease in IDM

A

Condition:
Cause: Surfactant deficiency w/retained fetal lung fluid

174
Q

Condition: Early hypocalcemia in IDM
Cause:

A

Condition:
Cause: Hypomagnasemia d/t maternal Mg renal losses

175
Q

Condition: Neonatal seizures after double volume exchange transfusion
Cause:

A

Condition:
Cause: INC albumin binding of Ca

176
Q

Condition: UTI
Symptomatology:

A

Condition:
Symptomatology: Failure to suck + Proteinemia

177
Q

Condition: Group B Strep Pneumonia
Symptomatology:

A

Condition:
Symptomatology: Profound shock w/tachypnea and expiratory grunt w/air bronchgram

178
Q

Condition: HMD type I
Symptomatology:

A

Condition:
Symptomatology: Progressive tachypnea, cyanosis, EXP grunting w/air bronchogram

179
Q

Condition: Neonatal hypocalcemia
Symptomatology:

A

Condition:
Symptomatology: Jitteriness, excessive sweating, tachypnea at 3 days of life

180
Q

Condition: Neonatal hypomagnesemia of IDM
Symptomatology:

A

Condition:
Symptomatology: Jitteriness, cyanosis excessive sweating at 4th day of life

181
Q

SGA or LGA Associated

Hypoglycemia

A

Both

182
Q

SGA or LGA Associated

Polycythemia

A

SGA

183
Q

SGA or LGA Associated

Congenital infections

A

SGA

184
Q

SGA or LGA Associated

Congenital malformations

A

SGA

185
Q

SGA or LGA Associated

Long-term developmental problems

A

SGA

186
Q

SGA or LGA Associated

Born to diabetic mother

A

LGA

187
Q

SGA or LGA Associated

Hypo-calcemia

A

LGA

188
Q

SGA or LGA Associated

Respiratory distress

A

LGA

189
Q

SGA or LGA Associated

Caudal regression syndrome

A

LGA

190
Q

SGA or LGA Associated

Congenital heart disease

A

LGA

191
Q

Blue discoloration of the extremities

When exposed to cold

A

Acrocyanosis

192
Q

_______ cyanosis, esp in peri-oral region, may indicate cardiopulmonary disease

A

Central

193
Q

Poly-cythemic infants w/hematocrits above ____% may also look cyanotic at times if there is enough de-saturation of Hg (>__%)

A

Above 68%

>5%

194
Q

Brown blood specimen

A

Met-hemoglobinemia

195
Q

Factors associated w/Pallor (5)

A 
D/t anemia 
Peri-natal asphyxia w/profound circulatory disturbance
Hypo-glycemia
Seizures
Thermal cold stress
196
Q

Jaundice d/t unconjugated bilirubin (skin color)

A

Yellow-orange

197
Q

Jaundice d/t conjugated bilirubin

A

Yellow-green

198
Q

Jaundice 5-8%

A

Face only

199
Q

Jaundice 8-12%

A

Face + Upper trunk

200
Q

Jaundice >12%

A

Lower extremities and trunk

201
Q

Jaundice during ________ is NEVER considered physiologic

A

First 24h of life

202
Q

Jaundice during initial 24h could indicate (2)

A

Hyper-bilirubinemia (d/t hemolytic dse such as Rh/ABO incompatibility)
Sepsis

203
Q

Irregular, flat, erythematous
Blanch on pressure
Found on forehead, eyelids and nape of neck

A

Stork’s bites
Capillary hemangiomas
Fade during first months of life

204
Q

Irregular, raised, erythematous
Barely noticeable in NB then rapidly enlarge over next 2 months
Disfiguration
Almost always involute spontaneously

A

Strawberry or cavernous lesions (larger hemangiomas)

205
Q

Large hemangiomas that consume large numbers of platelets

A

Kasselbach-Merritt Syndrome

206
Q

Small whitish papules
Nose, cheeks, forehead
Retained sebaceous material

A

Milia

Disappear during first weeks of life

207
Q

Obstruction of eccrine sweat galnds
Pinpoint vesiculo-papular rash
Scalp, forehead, skinfold
Disappear w/in 1-2 weeks if not overheated

A

Miliaria
Superficial - crystallina
Deep-seated w/reddish appearance - rubra

208
Q

MC rash of newborn period
Begins 2nd/3rd days
White papulo-vesicular lesions on erythematous base
NOT on palms/soles

A

Erythema toxicum

Benign :)

209
Q

Papulo-vesicular
ANY body surface
Rupture–> pigmented macule w/scaly ring

A

Pustular melanosis

Black infant

210
Q

MC type of nevus
Large, flat, greyish-blue
Lower trunk or buttocks

A

Mongolian spot

211
Q

Light brown macules w/irregular borders

Any skin surface

A

Cafe-au-lait

No significance

212
Q

Large and numerous cafe-au-lait spots may indicate

A

Neurofibromatosis

213
Q

MC skull trauma

A

Caput succedaneum (edema of skull)

214
Q

Collection of blood in periosteum
Single bone
10-20% associated w/fractures
Depression of the skull

A

Cephalo-hematoma
Liquifies at center
Calcifies at periphery

215
Q

Size of fontanels

  • Anterior
  • Posterior
A

A - 2-3cm (48h of life)

P - 1cm

216
Q

Normal head circumference

A

32-37 cm

217
Q

Eye
Lateral upward slow
Inner epi-canthal fold

A

Trisomy 21

Could also be normal

218
Q

Lateral downward slow

A

Renal dysplasia/hypoplasia (Potter syndrome)

219
Q

Narrow palpebral fissures

Reduced inter-canthal distance

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome

220
Q

Conjunctiva

  • First 24-48h:
  • After second day:
  • After 4-5days:
  • Several weeks:
A

Conjunctiva

  • First 24-48h: Erythema + Discharge from Silver nitrate
  • After second day: Gonococcal ophthalmia
  • After 4-5days: Blenorrhea (Chlamydia or viral conjunctivas)
  • Several weeks: Also Chlamydial + pneumonia and esosinophilia
221
Q

Blue sclera

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta
Cutis laxa
Normal

222
Q

D/t INC in venous pressure during delivery

Benign

A

Subconjunctival hemorrhages

223
Q

Clouding of cornea (hazy grey)

(-) ROR

A

Cataracts

Glaycoma

224
Q

White reflex on ophthalmoscopy

A

Retino-blastoma

225
Q

Blushfield spots (small white spots at periphery of iris)

A

Trisomy 21

Normal

226
Q

SGA

Salt and pepper appearance of retina

A

Congenital infection

  • Cytomegalic inclusion disease
  • Toxoplasmosis
227
Q

Ear:

Anotica (Treacher-Collins syndrome)

A

Absence of ear

228
Q

Pre-auricular pits are N/Ab

A

Normal

229
Q

Ear examination of infant

A

Upward and anteriorly

230
Q

Ear examination in an older child

A

UBO

231
Q

Appearance of tympanic membrane in newborn

A

Less translucent

INC vascularity

232
Q

Red bulging tympanic membrane

A

Otitis media

233
Q

Cyanosis at rest

Disappears w/crying

A

Choanal atresia

234
Q

Large tongue

A

Normal

235
Q

Excessively large tongue (5)

A 
Hemangioma
Lymphangioma
Hypothyroidism
Mucopolysaccharidosis
Beckwith Syndrome
236
Q

Small epithelial inclusion cysts of the palate

A

Benign “Epstein’s Pearls”

237
Q

Retention cysts along gyms

A

Ranula

Benign

238
Q

Small Jaw

+ Glossoptosis + high arched palate

A

Normal

Pierre Robin Syndrome

239
Q

MC mass in neck

A

Cystic hydromas

240
Q 
Neck mass 
Soft 
Lymphoid 
(+) Transillumination 
Ant triangle
A

Cystic hygromas

241
Q

Neck Mass
Firm
SCM
(-) Transillumination

A

Branchial cleft cysts

242
Q

MC Midline mass

A

Thyroglossal duct cyst

Goiters are rare unless endemic to area

243
Q

Webbing of neck (3)

A

Turner
Noonan
Klippel-Feil

244
Q

Most important sign of lung disease in neonate
Seen in resp distress, atelectasis, airway obstruction, aspiration
Reduced lung volume

A

Retractions

245
Q

Newborn RR

A

Variable
Ranges 30-60 bpm
Mean: 40

246
Q

Newborn breathing

A

Abdominal
Little use of accessory
Normalized at 8-12 hours

247
Q

Contractions and cyanosis <8hours of life

A

Normal as fetal lung fluid is cleared

248
Q

Cessation of breathing >15s

Cessation of breathing <15s + bradycardia

A

Apnea

249
Q

Breasts in NB

A

Days 2-3

250
Q

Dull percussion note in NB

A

Pleural effusion

Lobar atelectasis

251
Q

Hyper-resonant percussion in NB

A

Pneumothorax
Lung cysts
Lobar emphysema

252
Q

Breath sounds in NB ideally listened for at

A

Midaxillary line in midthorax

253
Q

Breath sounds in NB and infant are more

A

Broncho-vesicular

254
Q

Unilateral absence of breath sounds (40

A

Atelectasis
Pleural effusion
Pneumothorax
Cystic malformations

255
Q

Bowel sounds in chest should alert to

A

Diaphragmatic hernia

256
Q

Stridor on INSP

A 
MC Laryngomalacia 
Also
- Tracheomalacia
- Laryngeal web
- Vocal cord paralysis 
- Vascular ring
257
Q

Excessive mucus in upper airway results in

Clears on coughing or crying

A

INSP Rhonchi

258
Q

Crackles or rales associated with

A

Pneumonia
Delayed resorption of fetal lung fluid
Meconium aspiration
Pulmonary edema

259
Q

Cardinal signs of heart disease in a neonate

A

Cyanosis

Respiratory distress

260
Q

NB Blood pressure
Systolic
Diastolic
Mean

A

S 40-80
D 20-55
M 25-60

261
Q

NB HR

A

90-160 (usually 120-140 term)

262
Q

Single umbilical vessel associated with

A

Genito-urinary anomalies

263
Q

Cardinal signs of intestinal obstruction

A
  • Abdominal distension
  • Failure to pass mecoium
  • Bilious vomiting
264
Q

Bruits heard in abdomen

A

Renal artery stenosis

265
Q

High pitched bowel sounds

A

Mechanical obstruction

266
Q

(-) Bowel sounds

A

Ileus

Septicemia

267
Q

Liver in neonate found __ to __ cm below costal margin

A

1-2cm

268
Q

Hard or nodular liver

A

Intrinsic liver pathology

269
Q

Firm or rubbery liver

A

Extrinsic pathology (CHF)

270
Q

Splenic enlargement beyond ___ cm below L costal margin is abnormal

A

1cm

271
Q

Separation of musculature of the abdomen at midline

A

Diastasis recti

Associated w/circular umbilical hernia

272
Q

Tufts of hair, pilonidal sinus, soft lumps may indicate

A

Spina bifida occulta

273
Q

Male phallus at least __ cm in length

A

1cm

274
Q

Urethral opening proximal to end of phallus
1’
2’
3’

A

Hypospadias
1’ - Urethral opening on glans but proximal to tip
2’ - Opening along shaft
3’ Opening anywhere from perineum to base

275
Q

Caudal curve of penis

A

Chordee

276
Q

Unilaterally cyanotic scrotum shortly after birth

A

Intra-uterine testicular torsion

Painless but can rarely be saved

277
Q

Discharge from female NB

  • White
  • Blood tinged
A

Normal d/t hormones

278
Q

Membrane at opening of vagina

A

Hydro-metro-colpos

279
Q

Silk sign

A

INdirect hernia

280
Q

Usual signs of indirect hernia in infants

  • Male
  • Female
A

Hydrocele

Prominence of labia majora

281
Q

MCC Ambiguous genitalia

A

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

282
Q

Ovarian enlargement in NB

A

Cyst

Torsion

283
Q

Uterine enlargement in NB

A

Hydro-metro-colpos

284
Q

Fusion of digits

A

Syndactly

285
Q

Unequal limb size is associated with

A

congenital malformations
Hemangiomas
Lymphangiomas
Intrauterine positional anomalies

286
Q

Hip dislocation

A

Ortolani
Barlow
Asymmetry of gluteal folds

287
Q

Optimal time to perform neurological examination

A

Prior to feeding

288
Q

Frog-leg position

A

Hypotonic infants

Normal in pre-mature

289
Q

Disconjugate gaze is normal up to

A

6 months

Esp immediately ff sleep

290
Q

CN IX & X assessed by

A

Effective coordination of swallowing

291
Q

Assessment of CN XII

A

Sucking and Milk expression

292
Q

Reflexes
Appears:
Disappears:
Moro

A

Appears 28w
Complete 32w
Disappears 4m

293
Q

Reflexes
Appears:
Disappears:
Palmar

A

Appears 28 (same as moro)
Developed by 32w
Disappears 2-3m

294
Q

Reflexes
Appears:
Disappears:
Tonic Neck/Fencing

A

Appears: 35w
Peak: 1m postnatal
Disappears: 6m

295
Q

Reflexes
Appears:
Disappears:
Stepping (involuntary walking)

A

Appears 35-36w

Disappears: 2m

296
Q

Prematurity
Birthweight
Weeks Gestational Age
Mild

A

2000-2500 gm

35-37 weeks

297
Q

Prematurity
Birthweight
Weeks Gestational Age
Moderate

A

1000-2000

29-35 weeks

298
Q

Prematurity
Birthweight
Weeks Gestational Age
Severe

A

<1000

24-28 weeks

299
Q

Skin - Shiny and translucent

A

Very premature

300
Q

Sudden twitching of all extremities

Tremulousness of single extremities

A

NOT seizures

Immature, poorly myelinated CNS

301
Q

Single most devastating problem for premature baby

A

Intra-ventricular hemorrhage

Apnea, cyanosis and autonomic instability

302
Q

Seizures in NB

A 
Sublte 
Cyclic flexing of digit or extremity 
Lip smacking
Repetitive mouthing movements 
Yawning 
Apnea
303
Q

NB Blood pressure
Systolic
Diastolic
Mean

A

S 40-80
D 20-55
M 25-60

304
Q

NB HR

A

90-160 (usually 120-140 term)

305
Q

Single umbilical vessel associated with

A

Genito-urinary anomalies

306
Q

Cardinal signs of intestinal obstruction

A
  • Abdominal distension
  • Failure to pass mecoium
  • Bilious vomiting
307
Q

Bruits heard in abdomen

A

Renal artery stenosis

308
Q

High pitched bowel sounds

A

Mechanical obstruction

309
Q

(-) Bowel sounds

A

Ileus

Septicemia

310
Q

Liver in neonate found __ to __ cm below costal margin

A

1-2cm

311
Q

Hard or nodular liver

A

Intrinsic liver pathology

312
Q

Firm or rubbery liver

A

Extrinsic pathology (CHF)

313
Q

Splenic enlargement beyond ___ cm below L costal margin is abnormal

A

1cm

314
Q

Separation of musculature of the abdomen at midline

A

Diastasis recti

Associated w/circular umbilical hernia

315
Q

Tufts of hair, pilonidal sinus, soft lumps may indicate

A

Spina bifida occulta

316
Q

Male phallus at least __ cm in length

A

1cm

317
Q

Urethral opening proximal to end of phallus
1’
2’
3’

A

Hypospadias
1’ - Urethral opening on glans but proximal to tip
2’ - Opening along shaft
3’ Opening anywhere from perineum to base

318
Q

Caudal curve of penis

A

Chordee

319
Q

Unilaterally cyanotic scrotum shortly after birth

A

Intra-uterine testicular torsion

Painless but can rarely be saved

320
Q

Discharge from female NB

  • White
  • Blood tinged
A

Normal d/t hormones

321
Q

Membrane at opening of vagina

A

Hydro-metro-colpos

322
Q

Silk sign

A

INdirect hernia

323
Q

Usual signs of indirect hernia in infants

  • Male
  • Female
A

Hydrocele

Prominence of labia majora

324
Q

MCC Ambiguous genitalia

A

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

325
Q

Ovarian enlargement in NB

A

Cyst

Torsion

326
Q

Uterine enlargement in NB

A

Hydro-metro-colpos

327
Q

Fusion of digits

A

Syndactly

328
Q

Unequal limb size is associated with

A

congenital malformations
Hemangiomas
Lymphangiomas
Intrauterine positional anomalies

329
Q

Hip dislocation

A

Ortolani
Barlow
Asymmetry of gluteal folds

330
Q

Optimal time to perform neurological examination

A

Prior to feeding

331
Q

Frog-leg position

A

Hypotonic infants

Normal in pre-mature

332
Q

Disconjugate gaze is normal up to

A

6 months

Esp immediately ff sleep

333
Q

CN IX & X assessed by

A

Effective coordination of swallowing

334
Q

Assessment of CN XII

A

Sucking and Milk expression

335
Q

Reflexes
Appears:
Disappears:
Moro

A

Appears 28w
Complete 32w
Disappears 4m

336
Q

Reflexes
Appears:
Disappears:
Palmar

A

Appears 28 (same as moro)
Developed by 32w
Disappears 2-3m

337
Q

Reflexes
Appears:
Disappears:
Tonic Neck/Fencing

A

Appears: 35w
Peak: 1m postnatal
Disappears: 6m

338
Q

Reflexes
Appears:
Disappears:
Stepping (involuntary walking)

A

Appears 35-36w

Disappears: 2m

339
Q

Prematurity
Birthweight
Weeks Gestational Age
Mild

A

2000-2500 gm

35-37 weeks

340
Q

Prematurity
Birthweight
Weeks Gestational Age
Moderate

A

1000-2000

29-35 weeks

341
Q

Prematurity
Birthweight
Weeks Gestational Age
Severe

A

<1000

24-28 weeks

342
Q

Skin - Shiny and translucent

A

Very premature

343
Q

Sudden twitching of all extremities

Tremulousness of single extremities

A

NOT seizures

Immature, poorly myelinated CNS

344
Q

Single most devastating problem for premature baby

A

Intra-ventricular hemorrhage

Apnea, cyanosis and autonomic instability

345
Q

Seizures in NB

A 
Sublte 
Cyclic flexing of digit or extremity 
Lip smacking
Repetitive mouthing movements 
Yawning 
Apnea

Pediatrics 3B (12 decks)

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