Surgery Flashcards
what are the causes of post-op fever during or in immediate period after surgery (within 0-2 hours)
prior infection/ trauma, malignant hypertension, blood transfusion reactions
what are the causes of post-op fever on POD 1-2
wind: atelectasis, pneumonia
when and why does febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction occur
1-6 hours post-transfusion; due accumultion of cytokines during blood product storage
name 6 blood transfusion reactions along with the timing and mechanism
- febrile non-hemolytic: within 1-6 hours; cytokines in blood products
- acute hemolytic: within 1 hour; ABO incompatibility
- delayed hemolytic; within 2-10 days; other secondary immune response
- anaphylaxis; seconds to min; receipient anti-IgA
- urticarial; 2-3 hours; recipient IgE and mast cells
- TRALI: within 6 hours; donor anti-leukocyte ab’s
what causes post-op fever on POD 3-5
water: UTI
what causes post-op fever on POD 5-7
walking: DVT, PE or thombophlebitis of IV lines
what causes post-op fever on POD 7
wound: wound infections/ cellulitis
what causes post-op fever on POD 8-15
wonder drugs: drug fever (can happen at any point) or deep abscess
what is the initial treatment for central retinal artery occlusion
ocular massage and hyperbaric oxygen
kehr sign (hemidiaphragm irritation leading to referred shoulder pain) in a patient with lower abdominal blunt trauma to a full bladder suggests injury to which part of the genitourinary tract
the bladder dome (is the only part of the bladder that touches the peritoneum and since kehr’s sign requires intraperitoneal irritation the rupture would have to take place at that site)
how should you treat frostbitten extremities
rapid rewarming with warmed water; after a couple weeks the true line of vital vs. nonvital tissue can be determined for debridement
