Pediatrics Flashcards
what are the components of the APGAR score?
A: appearance/ color (all blue=0, extr blue=1, all pink=2)
P: pulse (absent=0, 100=2)
G: grimace (none=0, weak=1, cough/sneeze/cry=2)
A: activity (none=0, some flexion=1, good spont=2)
R: respirations (absent=0, weak cry=1, good, strong cry=2)
At what heart rate does a newborn require chest compressions
HR less than 60
what is the triad of congenital rubella
cataracts, patent ductus arteriosus and sensorineural hearing loss (other sx include purpura and IUGR)
most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism
thyroid dysgenesis
what supplementation should preterm and breastfed babies have
iron (all preterm babies) and vitamin D (all exclusively breastfed babies)
differentiate between chlamydia and gonococcal conjunctivitis of the newborn
gonococcal occurs earlier (2-5 days) and is more purulent and more severe
chlamydial occurs later (5-14) days and is more mucus-like with chemosis (conjunctival swelling)
which disease does erythomycin eye ointments protect against
gonococcal conjunctivitis
name a few symptoms that distinguish Patau’s (trisomy 13) from Edward’s (trisomy 18)
Patau has cleft lip, polydactyly, and ocular hypertelorism (wide space btwn eyes) and micropthalmia
cri du chat involves a deletion on what chromosome
chromosome 5p
a child who keeps getting infected with encapsulated bacteria probably has a defect in what part of the immune system and what is the likely disorder
B-cells are needed for opsonization and killing of encapsulated bacteria
Bruton’s agammaglobinemia is most likely (CVID is often a T and B cell defect)
a child has cough runny, runny nose, vesicles and pharyngeal erythema with mild swelling; what’s your next step
observation and reassurance; if symptoms suggest viral pharyngitis (most often herpangina(Coxsackie A)) it will be self-limited and no further testing needed
how can you differentiate between laryngomalacia and vascular ring in an infant with stridor?
laryngomalacia worsens with supine and improves with prone position
vascular rings improve with NECK EXTENSION and are associated with murmurs and cardiac abnormalities
how do you treat a child between 2 months and 24 months with first UTI
antibiotics AND renal ultrasound to evaluate for anomalies
what are symptoms of Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome and what sequelae do you have to worry about
macrosomia, macroglossia, umbilical hernia/abdominal wall defects, hemihyperplasia
high risk of hypoglycemia (due to high IGF promoting insulin) and development of Wilm’s tumor or hepatoblastoma (monitor with AFP and renal ultrasounds throughout childhood)
posterior extending inguinal folds and leg-leg length discrepancy seen on a newborn suggests what condition
developmental dysplasia of the hip
