Opthalmology Flashcards
contact lens associated keratitis presents how?
how is it treated?
severe conjunctival injection; corneal edema, haziness and ulceration; commonly due to Pseudomonas and Serratia
tx=remove contact lens, topical broad spectrum abx
what is episcleritis
conjunctival injection of the sclera (cornea is spared) with mild irritation that is self-limited and often seen with autoimmune diseases
keratitis and conjunctivitis followed by rapidly progressive vision loss is suspicious for what
HSV retinitis (aka acute retinal necrosis syndrome)
how do you confirm diagnosis of herpes keratitis
flourescein stain showing dendritic pattern
note: treat with oral acyclovir, famcyclovir or valacyclovir NOT steroids (steroids worsen infection)
differentiate CMV retinitis from HSV retinitis
both are opportunistic infections; CMV retinitis is painless, less severe with fluffy white lesions and hemorrhages on retina
HSV is severe, emergency as it can lead to rapid vision loss; eye pain, keratitis, conjunctivitis, retinal central necrosis
a patient has acute unilateral painless loss of vision; fundoscopic exam shows retinal hemorrhags, cotton wool spots and dilated veins; what is the diagnosis?
central retinal vein occlusion
first line therapy for acute angle glaucoma?
other options?
IV mannitol (works rapidly); acetazolamide, pilocarpine, timolol
what is HIV retinopathy
benign cotton wool spots that remit spontaneously
what are oloptadine and azelastine used for
ophtlamic antihistamine drops to treat allergic conjunctivitis
how does central retinal artery occlusion present
painless loss of vision; on fundoscopic exam shows optic disc pallor, cupping of optic disc (increased cup to disc ratio), cherry red fovea and segmentation of retinal veins
differentiate between wet and dry macular degeneration
both start with central vision loss
wet: unilateral, aggressive vision loss, retinal hypervascularization seen
dry: bilateral, progressive, drusen seen
sudden loss of vision with floaters in a diabetic patient with obscured fundus and red glow on fundoscopic exam should make you think of?
vitreous hemorrhage
what is the treatment for strabismus
cover or blur the normal eye (with cycloplegic drops) to promote use of the deviant eye
what is a hordeolum and what is the treatment
hordeolum: aka stye is an staphlococcal abscess of the eyelid involving the eyelash follicle (usually painful, unlike chalazions); Tx= warm compresses, but do I&D if does not resolve after 2 days
what is chalazion
a painless nodule in the eyelid due to obstructed gland
