Surgery Flashcards
Covers: LA Castration; Cesarean Section; Mammary Neoplasia Surgery
When is an equine castration usually performed? Answer is a range in years.
(1-2 years)
Through what layers are you incising in an open castration? Three answers.
(Skin, SQ, and parietal tunic of the testis)
What size of horse is open castration typically used for and why?
(Larger horses, they will have larger vasculature and spermatic cord which can be more difficult to use the emasculator on together as you would in a closed castration)
Through what layers are you incising in a closed castration? Two answers.
(Skin and SQ)
What is the purpose of the small incision made into the parietal tunic in a modified closed castration?
(Allows access to the vasculature)
What incision will you perform first in a paired scrotal approach if your patient is in right lateral recumbency?
(The right incision → whatever is on the bottom so you don’t cover the next incision site with blood)
What operative site is typically chosen in ruminants and camelids for a c-section? Be specific.
(Left flank)
What operative site is typically chosen in swine for a c-section?
(Paramedian)
What operative site is typically chosen in mares for a c-section?
(Ventral midline)
Do you have less tension on the surgical site for a c-section in a ruminant if they are standing or in dorsal recumbency (choose one)?
(Standing)
What complication do you risk when performing a dorsal recumbent c-section in a ruminant?
(Bloat/regurg)
What is the major concern with sedating or administering an epidural in a standing c-section patient?
(That they will go down in the rear during sx)
Why are sutures partial thickness when closing the uterus after a c-section?
(To make sure you are not incorporating the placenta)
What type of suture pattern should be used for closing the uterus after a c-section?
(Inverting patterns such as cushings, lembert, or utrecht)
In which approach will you have to suture the peritoneum and transversus abdominis with simple continuous, the external and internal abdominal oblique muscles with simple continuous, and the skin/fascia with ford interlocking?
(Flank approach)
What layers need to be closed in a ventral midline approach?
(Linea alba (which can be done with interrupted horizontal mattress, cruciate, or simple continuous) and the fascia/skin (typically with ford interlocking))
What structure and everything caudal to it will receive analgesia if you perform a lumbosacral epidural in a pig?
(Caudal to the umbilicus, this includes the hind limbs so they may go down)
(T/F) If suture is absorbable, that means it is entirely gone from the body by 60 days.
(F, it means it will have a rapid loss of tensile strength at some point before 60 days, may remain past 60 days but will have no tensile strength)
Do natural or synthetic suture types have a more predictable tensile strength loss?
(Synthetic)
Do natural or synthetic suture types have memory?
(Synthetic)
What are the trade offs for using monofilament versus multifilament?
(Multi - improved handling but nidus for infection and absorbs fluid, mono - not a nidus for infection and does not absorb fluid but not as easy to handle)
Describe surgical gut/catgut suture. Type, filament, and absorbability.
(Natural, multifilament, absorbable suture)
What is the primary difference between chromic gut and catgut?
(Chromic gut has decrease tissue reaction compared to catgut; also has increased tensile strength and resistance to degradation)
Why is the loss of tensile strength for chromic gut increased in infected wounds?
(Chromic gut is degraded by macrophages and there are a lot of macrophages in infected wounds)
Describe vicryl suture. Type, filament, and absorbability.
(Synthetic, multifilament, absorbable)
Does vicryl degrade faster in an alkaline or acidic environment?
(Alkaline)
Describe monocryl suture. Type, filament, and absorbability.
(Synthetic, monofilament, absorbable)
Describe PDS suture. Type, filament, and absorbability.
(Synthetic, monofilament, absorbable)
How are vicryl, monocryl, and PDS degraded?
(By hydrolysis)
Describe silk suture. Type, filament, and absorbability.
(Natural, multifilament, nonabsorbable)
Describe nylon suture. Type, filament, and absorbability.
(Synthetic, monofilament, nonabsorbable)
Describe polypropylene suture. Type, filament, and absorbability.
(Synthetic, monofilament, nonabsorbable)
Which of the following suture materials is the least thrombogenic.
Vicryl
Catgut
Silk
Polypropylene
(D)
Describe braunamid suture. Type, filament, and absorbability.
(Synthetic, multifilament, nonabsorbable)
What type of needle would you reach for if suturing viscera, muscle, and/or SQ?
(Taper needle)
What type of needle would you reach for if suturing skin, SQ, and/or intradermal?
(Reverse cutting)
(T/F) In a case of mammary neoplasia in a dog, there is no difference in outcome based on the surgical procedure chosen and performed unless there is incomplete resection.
(T)
What is the most common feline mammary neoplasia?
(Adenocarcinoma)
You are presented with a 1 year old intact female cat with no litter and not currently pregnant with very large mammary glands; besides neoplasia, what would be on your differential list?
(Fibromatous hyperplasia)
