Surg 104--Chapter 30 (Fuller) Flashcards
A joint with limited movement or fixed articular surfaces, such as between the skull bones.
synarthrosis (suture joint)
A joint in which the bones are connected by cartilage and only slightly movable. The symphyses joints are included in the category.
amphiarthrosis (cartilaginous joint)
A joint that is freely movable, such as the hip or shoulder; also called synovial joints; the most important joint for the ST.
diarthrosis (synovial joint)
A joint that has rocker and cradle components, which allow extension and flexion only.
hinge joint
A joint in which the two components have a complementary convex-concave shape, and bones slide over each other. The body only has one of these joints–the thumb. Allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction.
saddle joint
A joint in which relatively flat surfaces of bone slide over each other (the vertebrae).
gliding joint
A joint with a spherical component and a concave component. Movement occurs in several planes, making this joint the most freely movable type. Allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction.
Ball-and-socket joint
A joint composed of a bony protuberance and an open collar component. Provides for rotation.
pivot joint
A joint in which a small protrusion (condyle) slides within elliptical components. Allow for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
condyloid joint
Attach muscle to bone.
tendon
Attach bone to bone.
ligaments
Fracture occurs perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.
transverse
A type of transverse fracture that occurs at an angle.
oblique
A fracture of the long bone that occurs in a spiral pattern as the result of twisting or torsion on the bone.
spiral
A fracture in which bone fragments are driven into each other or into another bone.
impacted
A fracture with two or more pieces.
comminuted
A fracture in which the fractured end penetrates the skin.
open
A fracture of immature bone that is soft and less brittle than mature bone. This fracture is incomplete, or the impact results in severe bending and bruising.
greenstick
A tourniquet may remain inflated for up to _____ hour on an upper extremity and _____ hours on a lower extremity.
1
1 1/2 to 2
The tourniquet pressure must not exceed _____ to _____ mm Hg above the patient’s systolic blood pressure for an upper extremity.
50 to 75
The tourniquet pressure must not exceed _____ to _____ mm Hg above the patient’s systolic blood pressure for a lower extremity.
100 to 150
For a pediatric patient, the upper limit is _____ mm Hg above the patient’s systolic pressure/
100
An _____ bandage is used to help remove blood from the arm.
Esmarch
