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Surg Tech 104 > Surg 104--Chapter 20 (Fuller) > Flashcards

Surg 104--Chapter 20 (Fuller) Flashcards

1
Q

Diagnostic procedures and tests are often performed as part of an assessment to _____.

A

confirm or rule out a diagnosis.

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1
Q

An _____ procedure involves breaking intact skin or mucous membrane or inserting a medical device into a body cavity.

A

invasive

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3
Q

Non_____ procedures are limited to skin contact or no direct contact with the body.

A

invasive

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3
Q

An _____ illness comes on suddenly or lasts for a short period of time.

A

acute

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5
Q

A _____ illness in a long term disease.

A

chronic

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5
Q

The _____ _____ are indicators of the patient’s overall health.

A

vital signs

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6
Q

The vital signs include _____, _____, _____ _____, and _____ _____.

A

temperature, pulse, respiratory rate, blood pressure

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8
Q

The body requires a core temperature of approximately _____.

A

99 degrees F

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8
Q

The core temperature is regulated by the _____ through a complex feed back system.

A

hypothalamus

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10
Q

The _____ _____ thermometer may be used on conscious or unconscious patients

A

tympanic membrane

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10
Q

The _____ _____ thermometer is the preferred method of temerature assessment in the clinical setting.

A

tympanic membrane

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12
Q

The normal pulse rate for an adult is _____ to _____ beats per minute.

A

60 to 100

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12
Q

The pulse is measured by _____ an artery.

A

palpating

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13
Q

The _____ is a reflection of the _____ _____ (amount of blood pumped through the heart) of each beat.

A

pulse, stroke volume

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15
Q

The _____ artery is located between the ear and the outer eye in the depression above the cheek bone.

A

temporal

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15
Q

The _____ artery is located is located in the depression between the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the trachea.

A

carotid

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17
Q

The _____ artery can be felt in the groove that runs along the side of the biceps muscle on the inside of the upper arm.

A

brachial

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17
Q

The _____ artery is most often used to asses a patient’s pulse in the clinical setting because it is easily accessible.

A

radial

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19
Q

The _____ artery is very important in surgery. It is used to cannulate the larger vessels of the trunk for an angiogram.

A

femoral

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19
Q

The _____ artery can be felt at the back of the knee in the depression at the top of the tibia.

A

popliteal

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20
Q

The _____ _____ is located on the front (top) of the foot.

A

dorsalis pedis

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22
Q

The _____ _____ artery lies in the furrow bewteen the Achilles tendon and the tibial process.

A

posterior tibial

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22
Q

When you have located the pulse, count the number of beats in _____ seconds and multiply by _____.

A

30, 2

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24
Q

If the pulse is irregular, you must count for _____ full seconds.

A

60

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24
Q

The _____ rate is an objective assessment of the number of breaths per minute.

A

respiratory

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26
Q

The _____ _____ is the force exerted on the vessels walls.

A

blood pressure

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26
Q

The _____ _____ changes during the cardiac cycle (filling of the heart chambers and shunting of blood through the heart).

A

vascular pressure

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28
Q

When blood is forcefully pumped through the _____ _____, pressure is at its _____.

A

left ventricle, greatest

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28
Q

The pressure exerted on the walls of the blood vessels during ventricular cardiac contraction is the _____ pressure.

A

systolic

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30
Q

The pressure exerted on the walls of the blood vessels during the resting phase of the cardiac cycle is the _____ pressure.

A

diastolic

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30
Q

Normal blood pressure for an adult is _____.

A

120 / 80

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32
Q

Blood pressure tends to be lower in _____.

A

women

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32
Q

The total amount of blood pumped through the heart in 1 minute is _____ _____.

A

cardiac output

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34
Q

The amount of blood pumped during ventricular contraction is _____ _____.

A

stroke volume

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34
Q

The static pressure of the blood vessels against the flow of blood is _____ _____ _____.

A

peripheral vascular resistance

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36
Q

The elasticity of the vessels and heart muscle directly affects vascular pressure and is referred to as _____ of the cardiac and vascular systems.

A

resilience

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36
Q

During an _____ blood pressure, the pulse and blood pressure are measured with the patient in the recumbent position and again while sitting or standing.

A

orthostatic (postural)

38
Q

X-rays are _____ particles with a relatively short wavelength.

A

electromegnetic

38
Q

A _____ image is created when radiation passes through structures and strikes a medium.

A

radiographic (x-ray)

40
Q

An extremely dense substance produces a _____ image, whereas air produces a _____ image.

A

white, black

40
Q

The term _____ refers to substances that x-rays cannot penetrate.

A

radiopaque

42
Q

In _____ _____, radiographic and computer technologies are combined to produce high-contrast _____ _____ images.

A

computed tomography (CT), cross sectional

42
Q

An _____ _____ _____ uses radiofrequency signals and multiple fields to produce a _____-_____ image.

A

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), high-definition

44
Q

MRI produces _____ or _____ _____ digital images in cross section and is used mainly to detect structural abnormalities, including tumors.

A

two or three dimensional

44
Q

Ultrasound energy is generated by _____ _____ sound waves.

A

high frequency

46
Q

As a diagnostic tool, the sound waves are directed at _____, which reflects the waves back to produce a real-time image.

A

tissue

47
Q

When combined with the _____ technique, _____ is used in vascular surgery to track the movement of blood and provide a screen image of velocity and viscocity.

A

Doppler, ultrasound

47
Q

The _____ _____ use ultrasound for specific measurement of vascular flow.

A

Doppler studies

49
Q

Transcutaneous means _____ the _____.

A

through the skin

49
Q

The _____ _____ _____ is a basic test used to evaluate the type and percentage of normal components in the blood.

A

complete blood count (CBC)

51
Q

A blood sample is drawn from the _____.

A

vein

51
Q

The _____ is a basic blood test used for screening mdical infections and other types of disease.

A

CBC

53
Q

The oxygen-carrying protein attached to red blood cells (erythrocytes) is _____.

A

hemoglobin

53
Q

The _____ make up most of the volume in peripheral blood.

A

erythrocytes

55
Q

The _____ _____ _____ main function is to deliver oxygen to cells.

A

red blood cells

56
Q

The percentage of red blood cells in the blood (by volume) is the _____.

A

hematocrit (HCT)

56
Q

The _____ _____ count measures the number of each type of leukocyte by volume of blood.

A

differential leukocyte

58
Q

HCT

A

hematocrit

59
Q

HGB

A

hemoglobin

59
Q

RBCs

A

red blood cells

61
Q

MCH

A

mean cell hemoglobin

61
Q

MCHC

A

mean cell hemoglobin concentration

63
Q

WBC

A

white blood cells

64
Q

Segs

A

segmented neutrophils

64
Q

Bands

A

Band neutrophils

66
Q

Eos

A

Eosinophils

66
Q

Basos

A

Basophils

68
Q

Monos

A

Monocytes

69
Q

Lymphs

A

Lymphocytes

69
Q

Plt

A

Platelets

71
Q

The _____ pathway occurs at the tissue level.

A

extrinsic

72
Q

The _____ pathway occurs in the vascular system.

A

intrinsic

72
Q

Blood clotting is divided into two processes, the _____ pathway and the _____ pathway.

A

intrinsic, extrinsic

74
Q

The _____ _____ and the _____ _____ _____ are performed to evaluate the extrinsic coagulation system.

A

prothrombin time (PT), partial prothromboplastin time (PTT)

75
Q

The prothrombin time (PT) is a measurement of _____ time.

A

coagulaton

75
Q

The partial prothromboplastin time (PTT) or activated partial prothromboplastin time (APTT) is commonly performed to assess the _____ ability of the _____ sequence.

A

functional, coagulation

77
Q

Blood drawn for ABG testing is usually taken from the _____ atery and must be kept _____.

A

atrial, cold

78
Q

A person’s _____ _____ _____ is based on inherited antigens found on the surface of red blood cells.

A

ABO blood group (blood type)

78
Q

Found mainly in the cells, _____ is necessary for the transmission of nerve impulses to skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle.

A

potassium

80
Q

Decreased serum potassium is _____.

A

hypokalemia

81
Q

The most plentiful electrolyte found outside the cell, _____ is responsible for regulation of body and cellular fluids and plays a critical role in the transport of substances into and out of the cell.

A

sodium

82
Q

Low sodium is _____.

A

hyponatremia

82
Q

Found in cells and extracellulare fluid, _____ is important in promoting myocardial contraction and in the conversion of thrombin to prothrombin.

A

calcium

84
Q

Important in the neurotransmission of all muscles (especially the myocardium), _____ is also necessary for the transport of sodium and potassium through the cell membrane.

A

magnesium

85
Q

The surgical removal of a small portion of tissue is an _____.

A

excision

85
Q

The removal of tissue with a hollow needle or trocar, which is inserted into the tissue is _____.

A

needle or trocar biopsy

87
Q

During a _____ _____, a biopsy brush is used to sweep a hollow lumenor cavity for cells.

A

brush biopsy

88
Q

After biopsy, the brush is withdrawn and immediately swished in _____ _____ or _____.

A

liquid preservative, saline

89
Q

A _____ is obtained by passing a swab or small brush over superficial tissue.

A

smear

90
Q

During an _____ _____, fluid for pathological exam may be removed from semi-solid tissue by aspirating the fluid.

A

aspiration biopsy

Surg Tech 104 (9 decks)

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