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supreme court cases Flashcards

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1
Q

NFIB v Sebelius 2012 : description

A

rules ACA was constitutional as Congress has the right to raise taxes which does not contravene with state power

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2
Q

NFIB v Sebelius 2012 : outcome

A

Robert’s sides with 4 liberal justices in 5-4 ruling that upheld ACA, stunning republicans who wanted to repeal it

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3
Q

did NFIB v Sebelius 2012 uphold, remove, or establish new policy?

A

upheld ACA

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4
Q

Trump v Hawaii 2018 : description and outcome

A

Trumps executive order on the muslim travel ban due to terrorism concerns
Upheld the EO in a 5-4 decision based on evidence that countries were labelled as security risks

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5
Q

Trump v Hawaii 2018
restraint or activism?
limits to other branches?
uphold, remove, or establish policy?

A

restraint - deferred to executive
didn’t limit executive,
upheld trumps EO

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6
Q

Whole Women’s Health v Hellerstedt 2016
description and outcome?

A

struck down texas law providing limits on abortion
5-3 decision with Kennedy joining the liberal justices

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7
Q

Whole Women’s Health v Hellerstedt 2018
restraint or activism?
limits on other branches?
uphold, remove, or establish policy?

A

restraint (stare decisis)
limited texas state gov
upheld former court ruling (Roe)

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8
Q

US v Texas 2016
description and outcome?

A

Obama passed DAPA to allow certain illegal immigrants to be granted deferred action status. 26 states inc Texas challenged DAPA on overstep of president as he needs congress’ approval
SC tied 4-4 found that Obama did not have the powers and breached article II

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9
Q

US v Texas 2016
restraint or activism?
limit other branches?
uphold, remove, establish policy?

A

activism
limited executive struck down DAPA
removed DAPA policy

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10
Q

Citizens United v FEC 2010 and McCutcheon v FEC 2014
description and outcome?

A

citizens united : 5-4 found that corporations and interest groups have 1st amendment rights
McCutcheon : removed limit to number of campaigns that could be donated to during elections

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11
Q

Citizens United v FEC 2010 and McCutcheon v FEC 2014
restraint or activism?
limits to branches?
upheld, removed, established policy?

A

activism?
limited congress as struck down law and no further acts have been passed
removed and created new policy that super PACs can raise unlimited funds

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12
Q

US v Windsor 2013
description and outcome?

A

court ruled 5-4 that defence of marriage act 1996 was unconstitutional because it denied federal benefits to married same sex couples
created marriage equality BUT didn’t legalise same sex marriage

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13
Q

US v Windsor 2013
restraint or activism?
limits to branches?
upheld, removed, established policy?

A

activism - promotes lgbtq rights
limited congress by striking down an act
created new policy by legalising same sex marriage

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14
Q

Obergefell v Hodges 2013
description and outcome?

A

established same sex marriage under equal protection of the law provision of the 14th amendment. 5-4 decision, kennedy joining liberal judges

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15
Q

Obergefell v Hodges 2013
restraint or activism?
limits to branches?
upheld, removed, established policy?

A

activism
didn’t limit governments
established new policy of same sex marriage

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16
Q

DC v Heller 2008
description and outcome?

A

SC held (5-4) that II amendment guarantees an individual right to possess firearms independent of service in a state militia, and to use it for reasons such as self defence in the home

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17
Q

DC v Heller 2008
restraint or activism?
limits to branches?
upheld, removed, or established policy?

A

neither? politicisation due to the split
didn’t limit branches
upheld 2nd amendment rights

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18
Q

Carpenter v US 2018
description and outcome?

A

man was charged with aiding an abetting robbery after police obtained his phone location record, he appealed on the grounds that his 4th amendment rights were infringed.
5-4 decisions by court (liberals and Roberts) ruled that it was an infringement and it required a warrant to search phone location data

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19
Q

Carpenter v US 2018
restraint or activism?
limits to branches?
upheld, removed, or established policy?

A

activism - interpreted to protect rights
no branches involved
established new policy that a warrant was required to search phone location data

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20
Q

Trumps Tax Returns
description and outcome?

A

House Ways and Means Committee argued that it needs the information on Trumps taxes to meaningfully evaluate the IRS’ presidential audit program.
Case was brought by Trump to block the house committee and was decided in favour of congress, forcing Trump to release his tax returns

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21
Q

Trumps tax Returns
restraint or activism?
limits to branches?
upheld, removed, or established policy?

A

restraint? deferred to congress
limited executive branch
didn’t establish policy but upheld congress’ investigative powers

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22
Q

Planned parenthood Arkansas v Jegley 2018
description and outcome?

A

Arkansas law wanted to provide strict limits to when abortions could be given and was appealed against by planned parenthood.
SC refused to hear the case therefore shaping public policy by allowing the Arkansas law to stand

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23
Q

Planned Parenthood Arkansas v Jegley 2018
restraint or activism?
limits to branches?
upheld, removed, established policy?

A

restraint, allows state law to stand
didn’t limit state Gove, upheld federalism?
shaped policy by allowing the law to stand which limited access o medicated abortion

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24
Q

Biden v Nebraska 2023
description and outcome?

A

Biden planned to use the HEROES Act to cancel student debt, SC ruled in an 6-3 decision that the act did not give the sec of state for education such powers to council the $430 billion student loans

25
Q

Biden v Nebraska 2023
restraint or activism?
limits to branches?
upheld, removed, established policy?

A

restraint/politicisation
limited executive branch
didn’t establish policy

26
Q

US v Texas 2023
description and outcome?

A

Homeland Security issued guidelines to allocate funds to remove dangerous non citizens in the US. Texas and Louisiana challenged this as they would have to spend more money in law enforcement and social services.
Ruled in 8-1 that decision couldn’t be challenged as Executive in article II does have the power to decide who to arrest or prosecute

27
Q

US v Texas 2023
restraint or activism?
limits to branches?
uphold, remove, establish?

A

restraint? deferred to elected branch
limited state government and upheld executive
upheld Homeland security policy and executive power

28
Q

Burwell v Hobby Lobby Stores 2014
description and outcome?

A

part of ACA required family owned businesses to pay for health insurance coverage for contraception, which hobby lobby objected to in religious ground s and claimed it violated their first amendment rights
ruled 5-4 along ideological lines that this part of ACA was unconstitutional

29
Q

Burwell v Hobby Lobby Stores 2014
restraint, activism, politicisation?
limits on branches?
upheld, remove, establish?

A

politicisation - split on ideological lines
limit on executive and congress as part of ACA was unconstitutional
upheld first amendment rights by removing part of ACA which required business to cover contraception under health insurance

30
Q

Snyder v Phelps 2011
description and outcome?

A

Snyders father sued WBC for defamation after they picketed his son’s funeral and published statements that his son raised his child for the devil as he was raised a catholic.
ruled 8-1 that speech on a matter of public concern, in a public street, cannot be the basis of liability for a tort of emotional distress

31
Q

Snyder v Phelps 2011
restraint, activism, politicisation?
limits to branches?
upheld, remove, established policy?

A

restraint?
no branches involved
upheld 1st amendment rights even in cases of emotional distress

32
Q

what right did Citizens United v FEC 2010 and McCutcheon v FEC 2014 upholds?

A

first amendment rights

33
Q

Carson v Making 2022
description and outcome?

A

case centres in limits of school vouchers offered by Maine which disallowed the vouchers to be used to pay for religious based private schools
6-3 decision court rules that maines restriction violated the Free Exercise clause, as they discriminated against religious-backed private schools

34
Q

what did the minority opinion in carson v makin 2022 argue?

A

that the decision worked against the long standing principle of separation of church and state

35
Q

Carson v Makin 2022
restraint, activism, politicisation?
limits to branches?
upheld, remove, establish policy?

A

politicisation split on ideological lines?
limited state of maine
removed policy which was in violation with first amendment rights (Free Exercise Clause)

36
Q

Kennedy v Bremerton School district 2022
description and outcome?

A

involved Kennedy, high school football coach who would pray in the middle of the field immediately after each game.
School board concerned this was infringing on establishment clause separating church and state. Kennedy’s contract not renewed leading to him suing the board.
Lower courts ruled in favour of school district citing the Establishment Clause
SC found that the board acted improperly and violated the Free Speech and Free Exercise Clauses

37
Q

Kennedy v Bremerton School District 2022
restraint, activism, politicisation?
limits to branches?
upheld, removed, established?

A

politicisation? 6-3 on ideological lines
didn’t limit branches limit school districts
established that they were allowed to express their religious views and it didn’t violent the Establishment Clause

38
Q

what is the establishment clause?

A

separation of church and state

39
Q

Creative LLC v Elenis 2023
description and outcome?

A

Smith wanted to expand into wedding website but opposed same sex marriage in religious grounds and didn’t want to offer them her services.
Colorado Anti Discrimination Act prohibits business open to public from discriminating on sexual orientation:
6-3 ruling that Colorado couldn’t force her to give them her services and this it conflicted with first amendment rights

40
Q

Creative LLC v Elenis 2023
restraint, activism, politicisation?
limits to branches?
upheld, remove, establish?

A

politicisation split on ideological lines
limits colorado by saying their act didn’t come before constitutional protections
established that legislation to protect discriminated groups was weak

41
Q

what right did DC v Heller uphold?

A

second amendment. right to bear arms

42
Q

McDonald v Chicago 2010
description and outcome?

A

followed DC v Heller, court ruled that right to bear arms is fundamentally protected by second amendment and the due process clause of the fourteenth and that this right cannot be infringed by state or local governments.

43
Q

McDonald v Chicago 2010
restraint, politicisation, activism?
limits to branches?
upheld, removed, established?

A

retsraint?- stare decisis

44
Q

New York State Rifle and Pistol Association v Bruen 2022
description and outcome?

A

2nd amendment right to carry concealed and loaded handguns in public. removed existing legislation after Biden passed Bipartisan gun control

45
Q

New York State Rifle and Pistol Association v Bruen 2022
restraint, activism, politicisation?
limits to branches?
upheld, removed, established?

A

restraint?
limited congress and executive as removed Bipartisan safer communities act 2022
removed existing legislation

46
Q

what right did Carpenter v US 2018 uphold?

A

4th amendment rights

47
Q

Miranda v Arizona 1966
description and outcome?

A

Miranda confessed to rape unaware of his constitutional right to remain silent.
Court ruled 5-4 that Miranda had been denied this right that must be read to suspects during interrogation, or evidence will be inadmissible in court. Miranda rights now ingrained in law and US culture

48
Q

Miranda v Arizona 1966
restraint or activism?
limits to branches?
upheld, removed, established?

A

activism? supporting rights
didn’t limit branches
established new policy of rights being read

49
Q

Salinas v Texas 2013
description and outcome?

A

Salinas was questioned in a non custodial situation by police concerned about a double murder. During questioning, Salinas fell silent at the time of trial the prosecutor used this as an admission of guilt.
Court agreed that using silence as evidence as guilt did not violet the 5th, wearing rights of silence secured in miranda

50
Q

Salinas v Texas 2013
restraint, activism, politicisation?
limits to branches?
upheld, removed, established?

A

restraint?
didn’t limit branches
weakened right to silence secured in miranda

51
Q

Bucklew v Precythe 2019
description and outcome?

A

Bucklew convicted of murder and argued that rare physical condition would lead to more tortuous death by lethal injection.
Forsyth wrote that the 8th forbids from cruel and unusual punishments but does not guarantee a plainness death.
Split along ideological lines

52
Q

Bucklew v Precythe 2019
restraint, activism, politicisation?
limits to branches?
upheld, removed, established?

A

politicisation split on ideological lines
didn’t limit
weakened 8th amendment rights as Bucklew was executed despite the evidence that he would have suffered excruciatingly and grotesquely

53
Q

Dobbs v Jackson 2022
description and outcome?

A

landmark decision. court held that constitution does not confer the right to an abortion. overuled both Roe and Planned Parenthood v Casey 1992.
Ruling of 6-3 overturned Roe allowed states to legislate on abortion.
Chief Justice Robert’s agreed with judgement upholding Mississippi law but did not join majority opinion to overturn Roe

54
Q

what right did Obergefell v Hodges 2015 expand?

A

protection of law provision under 14th amendment

55
Q

Shelby County v Holder 2013
description and outcome?

A

Court ruled by a 5-4 vote that section 4(b) of Voting Rights Act was unconstitutional because the coverage formula was based on date over 40 years old. This case five states that ability to create new voter ID laws and removed individuals from the electoral register

56
Q

Shelby Counter v Holder 2013
restraint, activism, politicisation?
limits to branches?
upheld, removed, established?

A

politicisation? split vote?
limited federal government on voting rights. upholds federalism
removed 4(b) of VRA as it was unconstitutional

57
Q

Dobbs v Jackson 2022
restraint, activism, politicisation?
limits to branches?
upheld, removed, established?

A

politicisation, split in ideological lines
limited federal government in protecting abortion rights
removed protections of Roe

58
Q

Allen v Milligan 2023
description and outcome?

A

Alabamas re districting plan for house seats left the state with one majority-black districts. accused of gerrymandering to split the black vote, violating Section 2 of the VRA
SC rouen that Alabamas redistricting likely did violate Sec 2 of VRA and drew on previous cases establishing precedence

59
Q

Allen v Milligan 2023
restraint, activism, politicisation?
limits to branches?
uphold, removed, established?

A

restraint stare decisis
limited Alabama state gov
upheld precedent set by former cases

US Politics (9 decks)

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