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presidency Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the key roles of the president?

A

chief diplomat
chief legislator
commander in chief
chief of state

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2
Q

where does the formal powers of the president come from?

A

article 2

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3
Q

what does article 2 section 1 outline?

A

election process of president and requirements

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4
Q

what does article 2 section 2 outline?

A

most of the social powers, focus on role as commander in chief

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5
Q

what does article 2 section 3 outline?

A

presidents responsibilities

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6
Q

what does article 2 section 4?

A

impeachment

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7
Q

as head of state, what duties does the president have?

A

ceremonial and diplomatic

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8
Q

the president is the key figure to look to in times of what?

A

crisis

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9
Q

what does the presidents role as head of state give him?

A

large amounts of authority

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10
Q

what policies did Obama propose after the Newtown shootings in a public address?

A
  • created gun violence task force
  • reintroduced assault weapons ban
  • legislative proposals sent to congress inc maximum ammunition magazines of ten rounds
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11
Q

how did Obamas role as head of state affect his ability to achieve his policy goals after the Newtown shooting?

A

didn’t help him pass propose legislation as it failed in congress but it gave his EOs passed more legitimacy

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12
Q

what EXOP department drafts the annual budgets?

A

office of management and budget

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13
Q

what chamber approves the budget?

A

house

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14
Q

if the senate votes down the presidents budget, what may happen to the presidents legislative agenda?

A

it may be in jeopardy

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15
Q

what is the result when the senate when the senate doesn’t pass the budget?

A

gridlock and shutdown

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16
Q

what did Biden risk in 2021 when trying to pass his Build Back Better Budget?

A

gridlock

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17
Q

where can the president suggest legislation to be considered by congress?

A

the state of the union address

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18
Q

in the 2018 state of the union address, what did Trump use it to do?

A

crack down on immigration and keep Guantanamo bay open

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19
Q

what did Biden announce in the 2022 state of the union address?

A

policy on a national mental health strategy, asked for gun control measures, asked for financial support for Ukraine

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20
Q

is congress bound to follow what presidents propose in the state of the union?

A

no as congress is the legislative chamber

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21
Q

where was Clinton successful with his state of the union policies?

A

assault weapons ban, passed a ten year ban

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22
Q

where was Clinton unsuccessful with his state of the union policies?

A

healthcare reform failed to pass in congress

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23
Q

where was Bush unsuccessful in his state of the union policies?

A

war on terror had debacle success as actions in Middle East are questionable

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24
Q

where was Bush successful in his state of the union policies?

A

healthcare reform, reforms signed making prescriptions more accessible

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25
Q

where was Obama successful in his state of the union policies?

A

gay rights, repeal of dont ask dont tell

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26
Q

where was obama unsuccessful in his state of the union policies?

A

immigration reform - had to rely on executive orders instead

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27
Q

what must the president do for bills to become law?

A

sign it

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28
Q

what happens to a bill if the president leaves a bill for ten days when congress is still in session?

A

it automatically becomes law

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29
Q

what did Obama allow the renewal of in 2016 without his signature?

A

Iran sanctions act

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30
Q

what can presidents do to legislation they disagree with?

A

veto it

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31
Q

how can a veto be overridden?

A

2/3 superiority in both chambers

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32
Q

how many times did Trump veto bills in his 4 years in office?

A

10 bills

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33
Q

how many vetoes did Obama and bush issue?

A

12

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34
Q

how many vetoes did Clinton issue?

A

37

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35
Q

what happened to Obamas veto of the Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act?

A

easily overridden by congress

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36
Q

what did the justice against terrorsim act allow?

A

victims of 9/11 to sue Saudi Arabia

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37
Q

what happened to trumps veto of the NDAA?

A

overridden by congress

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38
Q

what did the National defence and reauthorisation act (NDAA) propose?

A

renaming military basis named after confederate war heroes

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39
Q

what is the pocket veto?

A

used at the end of legislative sessions when presidents do not sign the bill within the days and then they die

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40
Q

what can’t congress do to pocket vetos?

A

override them

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41
Q

how many times did Bush use the pocket veto?

A

15

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42
Q

who are the most important of the presidential nomination?

A

15 executive departments such as treasury, agriculture, and state

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43
Q

who is the head of the treasury?

A

janet yellen

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44
Q

who is the secretary of state?

A

Anthony Blinken

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45
Q

who is the head of agriculture?

A

Tom Vilsack

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46
Q

what must the senate do to all presidential nominations?

A

confirm these appointments by a simple majority vote

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47
Q

who did Trump appoint to the Supreme Court?

A

Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanagh and Amy Coney Barett

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48
Q

who did Biden appoint to the supreme court?

A

Ketanji Brown Jackson

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49
Q

the presidents role as what gives him more power in times of war?

A

commander in chief

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50
Q

when was the last time congress declared war?

A

1942

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51
Q

the president does what with treaties which is then what by the senate?

A

negotiates, ratified

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52
Q

what treaty did Reagan negotiate?

A

START treaty on nuclear disarmament

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53
Q

what treaty did Bush negotiate?

A

chemical weapons ban

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54
Q

what treaty did Obama negotiate?

A

nuclear arms treaty with Russia

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55
Q

what must the senate ratify treaties by?

A

2/3 supermajority

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56
Q

what didn’t Clintons test ban treaty receive in the senate?

A

simple majority

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57
Q

what can presidents use to overcome checks on the power in treaties?

A

executive agreements

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58
Q

what four powers did the constitution originally give presidents?

A
  • presiding officer in the senate
  • power to break a tie vote in the senate
  • announcing result of electoral college votes
  • becoming president in case of death or resignation of the president
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59
Q

how many times has Harris used the power to break a tie vote in the senate?

A

26, once to allow the inflation reduction act to pass

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60
Q

how many times did pence use the power to break a tie vote in the senate?

A

13, once allowing Betty DeVos to become Secretary of State for education in 2017

61
Q

in 2021, what did trump try to get pence to do?

A

to change the result of the election but he abided by the constitutional order

62
Q

what is the more recent fifth power that the VP has gained?

A

power to become acting president if the president is declared disabled

63
Q

what amendment allows the VP to become acting president?

A

25th amendment

64
Q

when did Cheney become acting president for Bush and why?

A

several hours in 2002 and 2007 because bush was hospitalised

65
Q

what are informal sources of the presidents power?

A

powers that aren’t explicitly mention in the constitution such as the cabinet and EXOP

66
Q

what type of group is the presidents cabinet?

A

an advisory group

67
Q

what are the four major pools of recruitment for the cabinet?

A
  • congress
  • former state governors
  • big city mayors
  • academia
68
Q

who was appointed as secretary for energy in 2009 and where was he from?

A

Steven chu, professor of Physics at university of California

69
Q

what power does the president need to get congress’ agreement?

A

power of persuasion

70
Q

why is the power of persuasion difficult?

A

because of the system of ‘separated institutions sharing power’

71
Q

under what type of congress does the power of persuasion become more difficult?

A

divided government

72
Q

why can the president do very little without the approval of congress?

A

because the founding fathers wanted to prevent the president from become tyrannical

73
Q

what have all of the last six VPs been members of?

A

congress, Biden was senator for Delaware

74
Q

what are members of the office of legislative affairs?

A

members of the White House office who work as full time lobbyists on Capitol Hill

75
Q

who can the presidents work through in congress?

A

party leadership

76
Q

who is the house speaker?

A

Mike Johnson R

77
Q

who is the house minority leader?

A

Hakeem Jeffries D

78
Q

who is the senate majority leader?

A

Chuck Schuemer D

79
Q

who is the senate minority leader?

A

Mitch McConnel R

80
Q

who is the senate majority leader?

A

Steve Scalise R

81
Q

what is presidential persuasion through perks?

A

reward in return for helping the president achieve his goal

82
Q

what factors effect how successfully a president can use their powers of persuasion?

A
  • how early they appoint positions
  • a good chief of staff
  • closed discussions v selling the final product
  • close working relationships with White House staff
83
Q

which presidents had appointments for key cabinet positions secured before they were sworn in?

A

Bush, Obama and Biden meaning they made effective use of their first 100 days

84
Q

did trump appoint positions early?

A

no therefore it took him longer to utilise these people

85
Q

what is a chief of staff with experience working with congress vital for?

A

effective powers of persuasion

86
Q

who has Biden appointed successfully as chief of staff’s far?

A

Klain

87
Q

what must presidents be due to polarisation?

A

pragmatic and willing to compromise

88
Q

who did Obama have to compromise with to pass ACA?

A

conservative democrats like Manchin who didn’t support universal coverage

89
Q

what did Bush ensure his whole EXOP did to fight the war on terror?

A

worked together

90
Q

was Trump successful in having close working relationship with White House staff?

A

no, he regularly fired people over twitter

91
Q

what are the 2nd half of 2nd term presidents called?

A

lame duck

92
Q

what do executive orders do?

A

instruct federal departments on how to enforce law

93
Q

how many EOs did Obama use?

A

154

94
Q

what are examples of Obamas EOs?

A

one to review the detainees and end the unlawful interrogation techniques used at Guantanamo Bay

95
Q

what are examples of Trumps EOs?

A

to bring in the muslim travel ban, one to separate parent and children who illegally crossed the US-Mexico border

96
Q

in what case was trumps EO for the muslim travel ban allowed by the Supreme Court?

A

Trump V Hawaii

97
Q

how many EOs did Obama sign in his first year?

A

52

98
Q

what are examples of Biden EOs?

A

to cancel the keystone pipeline

99
Q

why are EOs weak?

A

they can be easily done by the next president

100
Q

how has family banning clinics been as issue contested by EOs for years?

A

Reagan introduced a ban, Clinton revokes, Bush reinstated, Obama revoked, Trump reinstated, Biden revoked

101
Q

what of Trumps EOs did Biden remove?

A

trans military ban and Mexico border wall project

102
Q

why was Obamas EO on the unlawful interrogation techniques in Guantanamo Bay unsuccessful?

A

congress passing a bill against the closure

103
Q

what are executive agreements?

A

agreements between president and foreign nations

104
Q

who was Clintons agreement with North Korea on nuclear disarmament critics by?

A

rep John McCain

105
Q

why was obamas JCPOA unlikely to be ratified by the senate as a treaty?

A

as the senate was controlled by republicans

106
Q

who did Clinton pardon on his final day in office?

A

a fugitive who donated to his campaign

107
Q

how many pardons did Obama issue in his final month?

A

142

108
Q

how many pardons did Trump issue in his time in office?

A

143

109
Q

what are commutations?

A

do not change a guilty verdict but do lesson or remove a senatcne

110
Q

how many commutations did Obama issue on his last fay in office?

A

330 relating to drug offences

111
Q

what hasn’t any president since Reagan achieved?

A

over 55% of the vote

112
Q

what can weaken a successful presidents mandate in the midterms?

A

divided government

113
Q

what % of the vote did Biden win in 2020?

A

51%

114
Q

how did the Monica Lewinsky scandal weaken Clinton?

A

led to his impeachment of perjury under oath and obstruction of evidence

115
Q

how did 9/11 strengthen Bush’s power?

A

approval rating jumped dramatically due to his fats response to the crisis

116
Q

how did the covid 19 pandemic weaken Trump?

A

trumps approval rating during the handling of the pandemic plunged to 35%

117
Q

was Trump successful in united government?

A

no, failed to repeal ACA due to moderate republicans like Collins and Murkowksi

118
Q

was Clinton successful under united government?

A

no, failed to introduce healthcare reforms despite being main campaign area

119
Q

how was trump successful in divided government?

A

passed the CARES act provided covid relief and $2.2 trillion stimulus to the economy

120
Q

what was the rate of oversight in the 117th congress’ budget committee?

A

0%

121
Q

what was the rate of oversight in the 118th congress’ budget committee?

A

12%

122
Q

how many of Clintons vetoes were override?

A

2

123
Q

how many of Bush’s vetos were overrode?

A

4

124
Q

how many of obamas vetos were overrode?

A

1

125
Q

how many of Trumps vetos were overrode?

A

1

126
Q

how can the election cycle affect the presidents relationship of congress?

A

can lead to divided government which weakens the relationship

127
Q

in January 2024, what was Biden approval amongst democrats?

A

80%

128
Q

in January 2024, what was Biden approval amongst republicans?

A

7%

129
Q

what was Bush’s popularity after 9/11?

A

85%

130
Q

why is the president far less able to influence the court?

A

constitutional constraints allowing the court to have greater independence

131
Q

after what did Obama criticise the SC in his state of the union address?

A

Citizens United v FEC

132
Q

why did Trump criticise federal district judge Robert?

A

struck down his immigration ban

133
Q

what is Schlesinger’s concept of imperial presidency?

A

that the modern presidency was emperor like, misusing their power and acting unconstitutionally

134
Q

what area are president typically imperial in?

A

foreign policy

135
Q

what is an imperilled presidency?

A

a reaction by congress to reassert its powers by create legislation to limit the power of the president

136
Q

how did the case act 1972 limit the president?

A

required them to inform congress of all executive agreements with foreign nations

137
Q

how did the war powers act 1973 attempt to limit the presidents power?

A

attempted to limit presidents use of troops unless congress declared war or gave specific statutory authorisation

138
Q

what has the war powers act 1973 been declared as?

A

unconstitutional by presidents who refused to adhere to it

139
Q

what is evidence to suggest that Clinton was imperial?

A
  • prepared 20,000 troops to invade Haiti
  • committed the most troops for Serbian war but refuse to go to congress for a formal declaration
140
Q

what is evidence to suggest that Clinton was imperilled?

A
  • never actually invaded Haiti
  • failed to pass healthcare reforms
  • impeached
141
Q

evidence to suggest that Bush was imperial?

A
  • war on terror using EOs to order surveillance of terror suspects without court order
  • Homeland security Act
  • No child left behind act
142
Q

what is evidence to suggest that Bush was imperilled?

A
  • often didn’t act unilaterally and sought approval from congress
  • republican congress refused to act on his social security reforms in 2006
143
Q

what is evidence to suggest that Obama was Imperial?

A
  • launched around 10x the number of air strikes in the Middle East than Bush
  • conducted missile strikes in Libya without congressional approval in 2012
144
Q

what is evidence to suggest that Obama was imperilled?

A
  • had to modify ACA to repeal conservative democrats
  • never closed Guantanamo bay
  • EA of JCPOA as senate wouldn’t ratify it as a treaty
145
Q

what is evidence to suggest that trump was imperial?

A
  • withdrew US from JCPOA
  • used airstrikes across middle east on ISIS
  • improved relations with North Korea with meeting with Kim Jong-Un 3 times
146
Q

what is evidence to suggest that Trump was imperilled?

A
  • impeached 2x
  • failed to repeal Obamacare
  • Pelosi ripped up Trumps state of the union speech after he refused to shake her hand
147
Q

what is evidence to suggest that Biden is imperial?

A
  • passed EOs to protect access to abortion
  • passed major legislation like respect for marriage act 2022, and bipartisan safer communities act 2022
148
Q

what is evidence to suggest that Biden is imperilled?

A
  • passed inflation reduction act 2022 but had to slim it down from original build back better act
  • rep house refusing to pass immigration bill despite it being exactly what they want

US Politics (9 decks)

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