Supreme Court

Question 1

What is significant about Marbury v Madison?

Answer 1

Gave the supreme court the power of judicial review

Question 2

How many black supreme court members are there?

Answer 2

2

Question 3

What is Dred Scott v Sandford (1857)

Answer 3

2nd time the supreme court ruled a federal law unconstitutional

Slaved man goes to state where slavery is illegal, tells scotus they said he has no rights as enslaved man

Led to civil war amendments

Question 4

What are 2 other key early cases?

Answer 4

Fletcher v Peck
- Georgia Land dispute
- SC first ruled a state law unconstitutional

McCullough v Maryland
- Barred Maryland imposing tax on NB
Invoked the N&P clause to expand congressional power

Question 5

How many justices on the supreme court?

Answer 5

9

Question 6

How many female justices on the supreme court?

Answer 6

4

Question 7

Whos court is it?

Answer 7

Roberts court

Question 8

What are the 4 factors that ensure neutrality?

Answer 8

Life tenure
Equal pay
Separation of powers
Appointment process

Question 9

What is the appointment process for a justice?

Answer 9

The president suggests a justice and then the senate scrutinises them and has the final say

Question 10

Explain SFFA v Harvard

Answer 10

6-3 decisions to end race based admissions
Harvard broke equal protection clause in the 14th amendment

Asian Americans needing a higher SAT score compared to other race group applicants

Question 11

What does star decisis refer to?

Answer 11

Follow precedent

Question 12

What was the decision of Citizens United v. FEC (2010)

Answer 12

Overturned campaign finance restrictions, allowing unlimited corporate spending.

Question 13

When did California ban affirmative action?

Answer 13

1996

Question 14

What overtook fisher v texas and Grutter v Bollinger?

Answer 14

SFFA V Harvard

Question 15

What 2 cases did SFFA v Harvard 2023 overtake?

Answer 15

Fisher v Texas 2016
Grutter v Bollinger 2003

Question 16

What did Marbury v Madison 1803 really do?

Answer 16

Gave them ultimate power to overturn legislation

Question 17

What was Biden v Nebraska 2023?

Answer 17

states challenged Bidens student loan forgiveness plan
Attempt to forgive up to £20,000
6-3 ruling against Biden

Question 18

What is gerrymandering?

Answer 18

deliberately redrawing electoral district boundaries to give an unfair advantage to a particular political party or group

Question 19

What is the issue with gerrymandering?

Answer 19

Forms unfair representation of the states
- Distorts election results

Question 20

What is Campbell v Clinton 2000?

Answer 20

Whether Clinton violated the war powers resolution of 1973 (NATO Kosovo bombing without congress support)

• Cased dismissed
  WPR hard to interpret

Question 21

What did Trump want in Trump v Hawaii 2018?

Answer 21

An executive order travel ban on muslim major countries entering the US

Question 22

What was the rulings on Trump v Hawaii 2018?

Answer 22

5-4 in favour of Trump due to the INA (Immigr and Nati Act)

Question 23

What was the significance of Trump V Hawaii 2018? (2)

Answer 23

strengthened President authority over immigration and national security.

argued it legitimised discriminatory policies

Question 24

What year was Obergefell v. Hodges?

Answer 24

2015

Question 25

what did Obergefell v. Hodges 2015 do?

Answer 25

Legalised same-sex marriage under the 14th amendment

Question 26

What did the ACA under Obama require most people to do?

Answer 26

buy health insurance or pay a penalty under the commerce clause

Question 27

What was NFL v Sebelius about?

Answer 27

upheld most provisions of Obamacare while limiting some parts of it.

Question 28

# upheld provisions of the ACA/Obamacare while limiting some parts of it. What was the significance of NFL v Sebelius? (4)

Answer 28

Limited congress commerce clause power Expanded congress taxation power Medicaid expansion became optional, resulting in unequal access to healthcare across states ACA entrenched in healthcare reform

Question 29

What did the court rule on NFL v Sebelius? (2)

Answer 29

Upheld ACA buy health insurance under tax powers rather the CC for congress HOWEVER, made medicaid expansion only optional for states as before they said theyd remove funding if they didnt conply

Question 30

When was Roe v Wade?

Answer 30

1973

Question 31

What % of Black and Hispanic students could not read at 4th grade proficiency?

Answer 31

B - 84& H - 80%

Question 32

What is the standard deviation gap increase of B and W reading ages?

Answer 32

0.53 to 0.73

Question 33

What year was Dobbs v Jackson?

Answer 33

2022

Question 34

What year was the equal rights amendments?

Answer 34

1923

Question 35

What year was the civil rights act?

Answer 35

1964

Question 36

What did the WPA of 1973 do?

Answer 36

Require congress approval for military intervention

Question 37

What was United Steelworkers v. Weber (1979) Affirmative action case

Answer 37

A white worker sued over a company’s program that set aside training slots for minorities. Court said it was legal because it aimed to fix racial imbalances in the workforce. Focuses on workplace diversity and private company policies.

Question 38

name 2 21st century cases that defended gay rights

Answer 38

Obergfell v Hodges 2012 (right to same sex marriage) US v Windsor 2013 (federal recognition of SS marriage)

Question 39

What did brown v board 1954 overturn

Answer 39

Plessy v Ferguson 1896

Question 40

Name 3 post 2019 voting cases?

Answer 40

Rucho v common clause 2019 (GM issue beyond federal courts) NAACP v North Carolina 2022 (Voter suppression GM to black voters went down to an issue for the lower courts) Alexander v NAACP 2024 (SCOTUS found no racial GM in NC even though the lower courts did)