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Politics - Paper 3 > Supreme Court > Flashcards

Supreme Court Flashcards

1
Q

What is significant about Marbury v Madison?

A

Gave the supreme court the power of judicial review

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2
Q

How many black supreme court members are there?

A

2

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3
Q

What is Dred Scott v Sandford (1857)

A

2nd time the supreme court ruled a federal law unconstitutional

Slaved man goes to state where slavery is illegal, tells scotus they said he has no rights as enslaved man

Led to civil war amendments

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4
Q

What are 2 other key early cases?

A

Fletcher v Peck
- Georgia Land dispute
- SC first ruled a state law unconstitutional

McCullough v Maryland
- Barred Maryland imposing tax on NB
Invoked the N&P clause to expand congressional power

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5
Q

How many justices on the supreme court?

A

9

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6
Q

How many female justices on the supreme court?

A

4

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7
Q

Whos court is it?

A

Roberts court

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8
Q

What are the 4 factors that ensure neutrality?

A

Life tenure
Equal pay
Separation of powers
Appointment process

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9
Q

What is the appointment process for a justice?

A

The president suggests a justice and then the senate scrutinises them and has the final say

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10
Q

Explain SFFA v Harvard

A

6-3 decisions to end race based admissions
Harvard broke equal protection clause in the 14th amendment

Asian Americans needing a higher SAT score compared to other race group applicants

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11
Q

What does star decisis refer to?

A

Follow precedent

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12
Q

What was the decision of Citizens United v. FEC (2010)

A

Overturned campaign finance restrictions, allowing unlimited corporate spending.

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13
Q

When did California ban affirmative action?

A

1996

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14
Q

What overtook fisher v texas and Grutter v Bollinger?

A

SFFA V Harvard

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15
Q

What 2 cases did SFFA v Harvard 2023 overtake?

A

Fisher v Texas 2016
Grutter v Bollinger 2003

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16
Q

What did Marbury v Madison 1803 really do?

A

Gave them ultimate power to overturn legislation

17
Q

What was Biden v Nebraska 2023?

A

states challenged Bidens student loan forgiveness plan
Attempt to forgive up to £20,000
6-3 ruling against Biden

18
Q

What is gerrymandering?

A

deliberately redrawing electoral district boundaries to give an unfair advantage to a particular political party or group

19
Q

What is the issue with gerrymandering?

A

Forms unfair representation of the states
- Distorts election results

20
Q

What is Campbell v Clinton 2000?

A

Whether Clinton violated the war powers resolution of 1973 (NATO Kosovo bombing without congress support)

  • Cased dismissed
    WPR hard to interpret
21
Q

What did Trump want in Trump v Hawaii 2018?

A

An executive order travel ban on muslim major countries entering the US

22
Q

What was the rulings on Trump v Hawaii 2018?

A

5-4 in favour of Trump due to the INA (Immigr and Nati Act)

23
Q

What was the significance of Trump V Hawaii 2018? (2)

A

strengthened President authority over immigration and national security.

argued it legitimised discriminatory policies

24
Q

What year was Obergefell v. Hodges?

A

2015

25
Q

what did Obergefell v. Hodges 2015 do?

A

Legalised same-sex marriage under the 14th amendment

26
Q

What did the ACA under Obama require most people to do?

A

buy health insurance or pay a penalty under the commerce clause

27
Q

What was NFL v Sebelius about?

A

upheld most provisions of Obamacare while limiting some parts of it.

28
Q

upheld provisions of the ACA/Obamacare while limiting some parts of it.

What was the significance of NFL v Sebelius? (4)

A

Limited congress commerce clause power
Expanded congress taxation power
Medicaid expansion became optional, resulting in unequal access to healthcare across states
ACA entrenched in healthcare reform

29
Q

What did the court rule on NFL v Sebelius? (2)

A

Upheld ACA buy health insurance under tax powers rather the CC for congress

HOWEVER, made medicaid expansion only optional for states as before they said theyd remove funding if they didnt conply

30
Q

When was Roe v Wade?

A

1973

31
Q

What % of Black and Hispanic students could not read at 4th grade proficiency?

A

B - 84&
H - 80%

32
Q

What is the standard deviation gap increase of B and W reading ages?

A

0.53 to 0.73

33
Q

What year was Dobbs v Jackson?

A

2022

34
Q

What year was the equal rights amendments?

A

1923

35
Q

What year was the civil rights act?

A

1964

36
Q

What did the WPA of 1973 do?

A

Require congress approval for military intervention

37
Q

What was United Steelworkers v. Weber (1979)

Affirmative action case

A

A white worker sued over a company’s program that set aside training slots for minorities.

Court said it was legal because it aimed to fix racial imbalances in the workforce.
Focuses on workplace diversity and private company policies.

Politics - Paper 3 (4 decks)

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