Pressure groups Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary aim of interest groups?

A

To influence government

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2
Q

How do political parties differ from interest groups?

A

Political parties aim to form a government, while interest groups consider only their major issue

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3
Q

Who is associated with the pluralist theory and what is a key concept from their work?

A

Robert Dahl; power is distributed among various interest groups

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4
Q

What role do elected officials play according to pluralist theorists?

A

Act as mediators between competing interests

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5
Q

What does David Truman argue about interest groups?

A

They serve as vital intermediaries between the public and the government

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6
Q

Which theorist critiqued pluralism and what was their main argument?

A

Professor Schattschneider; pressure groups fail to represent lower income groups

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7
Q

According to C. Wright Mills, which groups have the most influence?

A

The richest interest groups (elites)

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8
Q

What is a sectional interest group? Give an example.

A

Groups that represent specific sections of society; example: AARP

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9
Q

What is the primary aim of the NAACP?

A

To challenge systemic racism and advocate for equality

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10
Q

What significant legal victory did the NAACP achieve in 1917?

A

Won Buchanan v Warley, which struck down racial segregation in housing

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11
Q

What does the NRA advocate for?

A

Pro-gun legislation and influences political candidates

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12
Q

How many members does the NRA have?

A

4.2 million members

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13
Q

What is the main focus of the Sierra Club?

A

Policies to reduce pollution and protect wildlife

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14
Q

What social movement advocates for racial equality and justice?

A

Black Lives Matter (BLM)

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15
Q

What is the goal of the Pro-Life movement?

A

To influence legislation in favor of protecting unborn children

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16
Q

What does the Brookings Institute focus on?

A

Economic inequality and policy discussions

17
Q

What is the purpose of the Heritage Foundation?

A

To promote conservative policies and values

18
Q

What significant legislative act did the Heritage Foundation help craft?

A

Tax Cuts and Jobs Act 2017

19
Q

What are some tactics used by the Heritage Foundation?

A

Reports, studies, and policy recommendations

20
Q

What is a disadvantage of corporate interest groups according to critics?

A

They support corporate interests, which may not enhance democracy

21
Q

What is one function of interest groups?

A

Agenda building

22
Q

What is a disadvantage of interest groups related to representation?

A

Wealthy groups can concentrate power and create inequality

23
Q

According to pluralist theorists, how do interest groups enhance democracy?

A

By representing smaller groups that may be overlooked

24
Q

True or False: Interest groups can challenge government corruption.

25
Fill in the blank: Interest groups allow for increased __________ of the people.
participation
26
Who do the AARP represent?
Americans aged 50 and older ## Footnote It advocates for their interests in areas such as healthcare, Social Security, Medicare, financial security, and consumer protection
27
What was a success of the AARP?
Successfully campaigned for a 3.2% increase in Social Security benefits provided enhanced financial support for millions of retirees across the United States
28
Who do the AMA represent?
epresents physicians, medical students, and healthcare professionals across the US ## Footnote policies that support doctors, improve patient care, and shape healthcare legislation
29
What is the largest defeat of the AMA?
5 years in a row, congress has cut medicaid despite the AMAs disapproval
30
How much did the NRA spend in 2020 on lobbying govt?
$3.5 million
31
What are Amicus Briefs?
legal documents filed by people or groups who aren’t part of a case but want to share their expertise or opinions to help the court make a decision.
32
Tom Daschle
former Senate Majority Leader, became a lobbyist for healthcare companies allowing him to influence the ACA
33
Sandy Hook and the NRA
NRA lobbied against stricter gun laws after mass shootings went against public support Congress failed to pass meaningful legis because of the NRA
34
Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) –
Blocked strict abortion restrictions, protecting reproductive rights Struck down spousal notification requirement
35
ACLU v. Trump (2020)
successfully challenged restrictions on asylum seekers
36
Philip Morris International lobbying
lobbies to reduce smoking restrictions and oppose stricter regulations on tobacco products
37
2020 poll found 55% of Americans supported
the BLM movement, highlights the engagement of civil movements
38
Funding examples
2020, pharmaceutical companies spent over $300 million on lobbying, and donated over $60 million to political candidates (NRA) raised $30 million in 2016 to fund campaigns against gun control laws through a PAC
39
NAACP v Flordia secretary of state
Struck down floridas voter ID that were disproportionally disadvantaging black voters