Support Tissues

Question 1

Connective tissues experience which types of forces?

Answer 1

compression tension shear

Question 2

Where is loose connective tissue found?

Answer 2

between many organs

Question 3

Functions of loose connective tissue?

Answer 3

space filling binding energy storage cushioning movement immune function

Question 4

Main fibre types in loose connective tissue?

Answer 4

collagen and elastic fibres

Question 5

Role of collagen in connective tissue?

Answer 5

provides stretch resistance

Question 6

Role of elastic fibres in connective tissue?

Answer 6

provides recoil

Question 7

What does ground substance contain in loose CT?

Answer 7

polysaccharides like hyaluronan which hold water

Question 8

Types of loose connective tissue?

Answer 8

adipose areolar reticular

Question 9

Function of adipose tissue?

Answer 9

energy storage insulation protection heat generation

Question 10

Function of areolar tissue?

Answer 10

structural support and space filling

Question 11

Function of reticular tissue?

Answer 11

forms a mesh-like network to support and allow cell movement

Question 12

Most abundant resident cell in loose CT?

Answer 12

fibroblast

Question 13

Function of fibroblast?

Answer 13

secretes proteins and polysaccharides to form extracellular matrix

Question 14

Function of adipocytes?

Answer 14

store lipids as large droplets

Question 15

Types of adipocytes?

Answer 15

white and brown

Question 16

Function of mast cells?

Answer 16

release histamine and heparin for inflammatory response

Question 17

Function of endothelial cells?

Answer 17

form a tight barrier lining of vessels

Question 18

Function of pericytes?

Answer 18

maintain capillary stability and integrity

Question 19

What are immigrant cells in loose CT?

Answer 19

monocytes macrophages lymphocytes

Question 20

Role of monocytes?

Answer 20

migrate to tissue and become macrophages or dendritic cells

Question 21

Role of macrophages?

Answer 21

phagocytosis and antigen presentation

Question 22

Role of lymphocytes?

Answer 22

immune surveillance T cells attack pathogens B cells form plasma cells

Question 23

What distinguishes dense CT from loose CT?

Answer 23

more collagen fibres greater tensile strength

Question 24

Two types of dense connective tissue?

Answer 24

regular and irregular

Question 25

Arrangement of fibres in regular dense CT?

Answer 25

parallel

Question 26

Function of regular dense CT?

Answer 26

tensile strength in one direction

Question 27

Arrangement of fibres in irregular dense CT?

Answer 27

random

Question 28

Function of irregular dense CT?

Answer 28

strength in multiple directions

Question 29

Functions of cartilage?

Answer 29

connects bones cushions joints shock absorption protects bone ends

Question 30

Key proteoglycan in cartilage?

Answer 30

chondroitin sulphate

Question 31

Three types of cartilage?

Answer 31

hyaline elastic fibrocartilage

Question 32

Most common cartilage type?

Answer 32

hyaline cartilage

Question 33

Structure of hyaline cartilage?

Answer 33

short dispersed collagen lots of proteoglycans

Question 34

Appearance of hyaline cartilage?

Answer 34

glassy

Question 35

Function of hyaline cartilage?

Answer 35

smooth strong flexible resists compression

Question 36

Locations of hyaline cartilage?

Answer 36

joint surfaces foetal skeleton tracheal rings

Question 37

Main ECM components in hyaline cartilage?

Answer 37

collagen fibres and proteoglycans

Question 38

Role of proteoglycans in cartilage?

Answer 38

absorb water create pressure to resist compression

Question 39

Arrangement of fibres at articular surface?

Answer 39

parallel to surface

Question 40

Arrangement of fibres deeper in cartilage?

Answer 40

perpendicular to surface

Question 41

What distinguishes elastic cartilage?

Answer 41

contains elastic fibres

Question 42

Function of elastic cartilage?

Answer 42

rigidity with flexibility

Question 43

Locations of elastic cartilage?

Answer 43

ear epiglottis

Question 44

What distinguishes fibrocartilage?

Answer 44

dense collagen fibres some proteoglycan visible fibrous structure

Question 45

Function of fibrocartilage?

Answer 45

high tensile strength and resistance to compression

Question 46

Locations of fibrocartilage?

Answer 46

intervertebral discs knee meniscus TMJ

Question 47

What is bone mainly composed of?

Answer 47

calcified collagen ECM

Question 48

What gives bone high compression resistance?

Answer 48

calcification

Question 49

What gives bone high tensile resistance?

Answer 49

collagen

Question 50

Is bone vascular and innervated?

Answer 50

yes

Question 51

Types of bone structure?

Answer 51

spongy and compact

Question 52

What are osteogenic cells?

Answer 52

bone stem cells that divide and become osteoblasts

Question 53

Where are osteogenic cells found?

Answer 53

deep periosteum and bone marrow

Question 54

Function of osteoblasts?

Answer 54

form new bone secrete matrix and calcium salts

Question 55

What happens to osteoblasts after bone matrix forms?

Answer 55

they become osteocytes

Question 56

Function of osteocytes?

Answer 56

maintain mineral concentration of bone matrix

Question 57

Function of osteoclasts?

Answer 57

resorb bone multinucleated derived from WBCs

Question 58

What is ossification?

Answer 58

formation of bone

Question 59

Types of ossification?

Answer 59

intramembranous and endochondral

Question 60

Intramembranous ossification forms which bones?

Answer 60

flat bones of skull and face

Question 61

Does intramembranous ossification use cartilage?

Answer 61

no

Question 62

Steps in intramembranous ossification?

Answer 62

mesenchymal cells osteoblasts osteocytes vascularisation spongy bone

Question 63

Growth in intramembranous ossification?

Answer 63

appositional

Question 64

Endochondral ossification forms which bones?

Answer 64

long bones

Question 65

Does endochondral ossification use cartilage?

Answer 65

yes hyaline cartilage model

Question 66

Steps in endochondral ossification?

Answer 66

mesenchyme chondroblasts cartilage model calcifies blood vessels invade osteoblasts form bone

Question 67

Primary ossification centre?

Answer 67

diaphysis

Question 68

Secondary ossification centre?

Answer 68

epiphysis

Question 69

What is articular cartilage?

Answer 69

cartilage that remains at bone ends after ossification

Question 70

What is the epiphyseal plate?

Answer 70

growth plate between bone and cartilage allowing length growth

Question 71

Zones in epiphyseal cartilage?

Answer 71

resting proliferative hypertrophic calcification ossification

Question 72

What happens in the resting zone?

Answer 72

receives growth signals

Question 73

What happens in proliferative zone?

Answer 73

chondrocytes divide in columns

Question 74

What happens in hypertrophic zone?

Answer 74

chondrocytes enlarge and secrete calcified matrix

Question 75

What happens in calcification zone?

Answer 75

cartilage calcifies and nutrient supply is cut off

Question 76

What happens in ossification zone?

Answer 76

chondrocytes die osteoblasts invade and replace with bone