Cell cycle - Mitosis Flashcards
M phase is divided into which artificial subphases
Prophase to prometaphase to metaphase to anaphase to telophase and cytokinesis
What happens in G2 interphase
Chromosomes condense nuclear envelope disappears centrosomes and centrioles replicate
What happens in prophase
Chromosomes fully condense spindle forms
What happens in prometaphase
Chromosomes attach to spindle
What happens in metaphase
Chromosomes align at the equator
What happens in anaphase
Spindle contracts sister chromatids separate
What happens in telophase and cytokinesis
Chromosomes reach poles nucleus reforms spindle degrades
What is cohesin
A multi subunit protein that forms a loop around sister chromatids
What does cohesin capture inside its loop
Two helices of DNA
What is condensin
A multi subunit dimer that loops DNA to condense chromosomes
What do cohesin and condensin have in common
Similar structure both descend from bacterial proteins coordinate to condense chromosomes
What structure do condensin and cohesin help form
300 nanometer fibers and looped chromatin domains
What is the spindle made of
Microtubules
What does the spindle connect
Poles of the cell to each other and to the plasma membrane
What produces spindle microtubules
Centrosomes and centrioles
How many centrioles are in one centrosome
Two centrioles
What angle are the centrioles from each other
Ninety degrees
What are astral microtubules
Microtubules that bind the plasma membrane and fix the spindle in place
What are kinetochore microtubules
Microtubules that attach to chromosomes
What are interpolar microtubules
Microtubules that interact with other microtubules in the spindle
What does dynein do in mitosis
Binds astral microtubules to the plasma membrane
What does kinesin 14 do
Tightens the spindle
What does kinesin 5 do
Expands the spindle
What does kinesin 4 or 10 do
Moves chromosomes along microtubules toward the poles
