Basic tissues Flashcards
What are junctions between cells
Tight junction adherens junction desmosome gap junction hemidesmosome
What do cell junctions facilitate
Direct contact and communication between neighbouring cells
What are the basic plant tissues
Dermal ground vascular and meristem
What are the basic animal tissues
Epithelium connective muscle and nerve
What does dermal tissue do in plants
Acts as a transpiration barrier and enables gas exchange and defence
What structures are included in plant dermal tissue
Epidermis stomata guard cells trichomes
What covers the leaf surface to reduce water loss
A waxy cuticle
What are the three types of ground tissue in plants
Parenchyma collenchyma and sclerenchyma
What is the most common type of plant ground tissue
Parenchyma
What are the characteristics of parenchyma
Thin cell walls totipotent lots of chloroplasts used for photosynthesis and storage
What does collenchyma do
Provides flexible mechanical support in stems and leaves
What is unique about sclerenchyma
It has both primary and secondary lignified walls and provides structural rigidity
What are the two types of sclerenchyma cells
Fibres and sclereids
What are the two types of vascular tissue in plants
Xylem and phloem
What does xylem do
Transports water from roots to leaves unidirectionally
What is phloem responsible for
Transporting nutrients and sugars in multiple directions
Where are vascular tissues found
In vascular bundles
What is a meristem
A site of active cell growth in plants
What are apical meristems responsible for
Primary growth in length or height
What does the vascular cambium do
Creates new xylem and phloem in secondary growth
What are animal tissues made of
Specialised cells and extracellular materials grouped by function
What is muscle tissue specialised for
Movement
What are the three types of muscle tissue
Skeletal cardiac and smooth
What characterises skeletal muscle
Striated voluntary movement posture force generation attached to bones
