Support Flashcards
Lovel support
1486
little support as no Yorkist pretended to rally around
Simnel support
1487 rebels 8,000 men foreign support Margaret of Burgundy paid for German troops 4,500 ill-disciplined Irish kerns (light infantry) sent by Kildare 40 Irish nobles Earl of Kildare no major noble declared for Simnel
did not get support from Earl of Northumberland, led H7’s troops against them
H7 12,000 men
Cornish support
1497 as many as 15,000 rebels decided to take their grievances to London Cornish rebels grew in size as they have grown in size from a thousand to 15,000 as they traveled through Devon, Somerset, Wiltshire, Hampshire, Surrey to Kent - by the time they reached Blackheath an estimated 5,000 rebels had deserted Contained A peer A lawyer A blacksmith 44 parish priests Several abbots Monks Local gentry - 22 when reached Somerset Sheriffs - 4 when reached Somerset MPs - 3 when reached Somerset Mayors - 2 when reached Somerset
Warbeck support
Mostly foreign backing: •Emperor Maximilian •James IV of Scotland •Margaret of Burgundy •Charles VIII of France •Earl of Desmond (Ireland)
In early 1490s, backed by France, Burgundy and Scotland - when challenge came to a head, all foreign support evaporated
Margaret supported him because she had not received half her dowry - would only get the money if it was granted by an English king
Maximilian’s support came in exchange for a signed promise that the emperor would be Warbeck’s heir and inherit England if Warbeck died childless.
no use to foreign support once they realised he couldn’t gain support in England to destabilise H7
Amicable Grant support
As many as 4,00 rural peasants, urban artisans and unemployed people gathered in Sudbury and Lavenham
sympathy from those in the royal court –>
The Lavenham rebels outnumbered the forced available to the Duke of Suffolk
Suffolk gauged the mood of his troops and realised they sympathised with the rebels. He told Wolsey his men “would defend him from all perils, but against their neighbours they would not fight”
POG support
several revolts against religious policies by lower orders and clergy - soon passed into hands of gentry and more politically important families
Dymokes and Willoughbys led Lincolnshire rising, but began in handy of ‘Captain Cobbler’ and local clergy
Many nobility later claimed they were blackmailed into joining:
Abbot of Jervaulx said he was threatened with beheading if he did not surrender his abbey
Marmaduke Neville claimed his wife and goods were at risk if he refused to join
Sir Rodger Cholmely was told his house would be looted there and then
At Horncastle in Lincolnshire rising, William Lech informed Sheriff of Lincoln that he must, ‘be sworn to do as we do, or else it shall cost you your life.’ Mob of 100 men waited outside for his answer
Thomas Moigne told King most gentry had been persuaded to join to ‘do the most good amongst his own neighbours in the staying of them [the commons]’
Younger sons and relatives of major northern houses - Stanley, Neville, Percy, Clifford –> Sir Ingham, Sir Thomas Percy, Lords Darcy and Hussey, George Lumley (son of Lord Lumley), John Neville, Lord Latimer + younger brother, Marmaduke
50,000 took part in some phase of the Pilgrimage - many with different aims
Yorkshire - largest single gathering - 30,000
Numbers varied over course of 2 months
Some of the 30,000 rebels who occupied Lincoln in October 1536 left to join the Yorkshire movement
Different groups targeted different towns - so numbers varied - 3,000 Hull, 20,000 York
By the time they had reached Pontefrat - may have been as many as 40,000 rebels
Western support
Robert Welsh, vicar of St. Thomas’s who led the rebel host at the siege of Exeter
Rebels kidnapped local gentry, detained passing merchants and put Sheriff of Devon under house arrest
Contained:
Eight priests
Several Justices of the Peace
Two mayors
Gentry - Arundell and Winslade
Large number of farmers, artisans, unemployed
No noble support
Kett support
Kett raised 16,000 men on Household Heath
Kett’s captains held and humiliated any gentry who would not cooperate
Thomas Gawdy MP, Richard Catlyn and other gentry chained and fettered and places in front line at Battle of Dussindale
Captured Italian mercenary and hung him from the city walls
Kett support
No major landowner in its rank
Small tenant farmers
Lesser gentry
Rural workers
Unemployed craftsmen - many joined revolt once city of Norwich fallen
Northumberland support
2,000 tenants ect - not willing to fight
Northumberland has limited noble support
Earl of Oxford and Huntingdon
Lords Grey and Clinton
Wyatt support
Wyatt raised army of about 3,000
Expected Duke of Suffolk and his brothers in Leicestershire, Sire James Croft in Herefordshire and Sir Peter Carew in Devon, French troops - none transpired
Relied on country militia - former sheriffs, gentry and their tenants - Sir Henry Isley, Sir George Harper, Thomas Culpepper
Only two leading Kentishmen, Lord Abergavenny and Sir Robert Southwell were openly loyal to the government
Northern Earls support
90% of the known rebels were not tenants of the leaders and therefore were not obliged to take part - they had other reasons
6,000 followed Northern Earls
Failed to attract an major noble family to support them
None rose in Lancashire, Cheshire or Cumberland
Some of Neville’s tenants reluctant to get involved
Belief that Spanish army under Alva would support them was wishful thinking
Rebellion mainly disaffected Catholic gentry
Geraldine support
1566-83
Desmond received 600 troops in aid from Italian and Spanish troops at Smerwick
Essex support
almost no support – certainly none from the commons.
despite owning large estates in Wales, he had no real power base – his tenants hated him because he took a firm stance on the collection of rents.
Had more noble support than any other rebellions
Earls of Southampton, Sussex, Rutland
Lords Cromwell, Mounteagle, Sandes
12 deputy leuiteneats of their counties gathered in London with their servants and tenants
Essex asked for Irish and Scottish aid, dud not receive any external help
Did not get support from the mayor, sheriff and City of London
Why didn’t Simnel’s rebellion gain more support
English were put off by the sight of the Irish contingence
lords and gentry in area were cautious after Lovell’s abortive uprising and subsequent flight the year before
the rebels moved at such speed (av. 20 per day) that recruitment was difficult and many potential supporters were caught out
H7 had not done anything since his accession that gave the ruling classes reason to seek his overthrow
H7 passed the Star Chamber Act which meant councillors and judges could enforce law and try over might subjects
the majority of people wanted peace rather than further disruption
