Supplements In Practice

Question 1

How does processing of ingredients affect the quality of supplements?

Answer 1

Fish. Oil and omega plant oils need to be cold pressed to minimise oxidation.
Whey protein needs to be specially filtered to remove lactose, hormones etc…

CHEAPER EXTRACTION AND PROCESSING METHODS REDUCE THE EFFECTIVENESS AND AFFECT THE SAFETY PROFILE OF THE SUPPLEMENT.

Question 2

What is overage?

Answer 2

Ingredients may degrade over Shelf life so reputable companies will add extra so that the amount left at the end of the shelf life still meets the label claim.

Question 3

What are the different forms of supplements?

Answer 3

Tablets capsules powders and liquids.

Tablets are cheaper and easier to produce whilst capsules have fewer excipients. Powders are good for bigger doses whilst liquids have excellent absorption but maybe more expensive and less stable.

Question 4

What are liposomal supplements and what are their advantages?

Answer 4

They have a protective phospholipid bilayer which protects the active ingredients. This leads to high availability and absorption, increased oral uptake, increased uptake into target cells and they are suitable for water and fat soluble nutrients.

Question 5

What are excipients?

Answer 5

Excipients or therapeutically active component within a supplement which help to stabilise it.

Question 6

List four types of excipients?

Answer 6

Fillers, emulsifiers, flavours and colours.

Question 7

What does the natural pathic approach to supplementing involve?

Answer 7

It involves addressing the underlying cause of any dysfunction and treating the whole person for example its best that supplements are taken under the best conditions to achieve maximum absorption assimilation and utilisation.

Question 8

What minerals are absorbed in the duodenum.?

Answer 8

Calcium, selenium, magnesium, chromium, iron, manganese and zinc.

Question 9

What nutrients are absorbed in the jejunum?

Answer 9

B vitamins,biotin, vitamin C, choline, inositol, calcium and magnesium.

Question 10

Where is vitamin B-12 absorbed?

Answer 10

In the ileum.

Question 11

Why supplement amino acids?

Answer 11

To restore energy and rebuild muscle or after extreme exercise.

Question 12

What must you consider when working out the dosage?

Answer 12

The age of the client, the digestive capability, the state of health, and the therapeutic doses.

Question 13

What is the elemental amount of minerals?

Answer 13

It is the amount of a mineral available for absorption.

Question 14

Why can supplements be expensive?

Answer 14

Due to the company you use the high quality source of ingredients and whether or not they are GMP approved.

Question 15

What are the four categories of supplement forms?

Answer 15

Natural source, synthetic, food cultured, and food based.

Question 16

What does natural source mean?

Answer 16

Nutrients are from vegetable animal or mineral sources for example vitamin D from fish liver oils.

Question 17

What does synthetic source mean?

Answer 17

It means that the supplement has been manufactured with identical molecular structure to the same natural ingredients for example vitamin C as calcium ascorbate.

Question 18

What does food cultured mean?

Answer 18

Growing of plants in nutrient solutions. It is thought that culturing mix nutrients that are more bail available for example supplements are often grown in yeast or algae.

Question 19

What is a food based supplement?

Answer 19

This is a physical mix of isolated nutrients within a food-based made by enzymatically reacting synthetic and natural vitamins. The body recognises this form as food.

Question 20

What does irradiated mean?

Answer 20

Radiant energy is used to destroy pathogens which also destroys delicate nutrients and disrupts their natural frequencies.

Question 21

Name three excellent mineral carriers?

Answer 21

Citrates, Gluconates and picolinates.

Question 22

Why are citrates an excellent mineral carrier?

Answer 22

It is a mineral ion bound to citric acid which is more bioavailable and requires less stomach acid to break the bonds to free the mineral.

Absorption of calcium citrate is 2 1/2 times better than calcium carbonate in a study of post menopausal women.

Question 23

In which supplement would you find the mineral carrier picolinate?

Answer 23

Most commonly in zinc and chromium.

It is a natural chelator for absorption of certain minerals in the small intestine.

Question 24

Why is it best to supplement calcium with diet firstly?

Answer 24

Oversupplementation may cause kidney stones and soft tissue calcification especially if vitamin D and vitamin c are low.

Calcium citrate is easier to absorb than calcium carbonate.

Question 25

Which organic form of calcium is the most bioavailable and most soluble form of supplementation?

Answer 25

Calcium glycinate is the most by available Especially with digestive issues.

Question 26

Which form of calcium is the most beneficial?

Answer 26

Calcium citrate malate has exceptional absorption and can be consumed with or without food.

Question 27

Which form of magnesium has a laxative effect?

Answer 27

Magnesium oxide has an osmotic laxative effect and is the cheapest form available.

Question 28

Form of magnesium has good absorption whilst avoiding laxative effects?

Answer 28

Magnesium gluconate.

Question 29

What consideration should be given to iron supplementation?

Answer 29

Firstly check iron levels in a blood test
Overdosing iron is toxic in children
Iron supplementation has pro-oxidant affects and can cause free radical damage it also feeds bacteria.

Question 30

What might chromium malate be beneficial for?

Answer 30

Losing weight, sugar cravings and type two diabetes.

Question 31

Why take zinc?

Answer 31

To improve immunity, taste and smell, skin disorders and weak digestion.

Question 32

Which zinc form is most Easily absorbed?

Answer 32

Zinc picolinate is more expensive than citrate and gluconate but It provides the best assimilation and absorption.

Question 33

Which mineral does zinc compete with for absorption?

Answer 33

Copper, so high doses of zinc can inhibit copper metabolism.

Question 34

Which supplement is rarely used as an individual supplement?

Answer 34

Potassium.

Question 35

Which factors increase our need for vitamin C?

Answer 35

Pollutant exposure, chronic stress, illness and infection.

Question 36

Which form of vitamin C is preferred for detoxification?

Answer 36

Ascorbic acid is favourable because it acts as an anti-oxidant taking free radicals with it as it is excreted from the body.

Question 37

 Why would you consider giving a client a buffered vitamin C?

Answer 37

To prevent GI upset, as buffered vitamin C is better tolerated. However it is important to consider the accompanying dose of mineral when taking higher levels for example calcium, magnesium, etc.

Question 38

Which is the most common synthetic form of vitamin A?

Answer 38

Beta carotene, it is converted as the body needs it preventing vitamin A toxicity.

Question 39

What is the most stable and highly bioavailable form of vitamin A?

Answer 39

Retinal acetate or retinyl palmitate.

Question 40

When should vitamin A be used with caution?

Answer 40

Not recommended for current or previous smokers as it is shown to accelerate lung cancer growth. Caution with high doses over 10,000 IU in liver disease alcoholism or pregnancy.

Question 41

What is the most Bioavailable form of selenium?

Answer 41

Selenomethionine is the most easily assimilated form of selenium.