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Colleen Nutrition 1 S2 > Orthomolecular Compounds > Flashcards

Orthomolecular Compounds Flashcards

1
Q

What is an orthomolecular compound?

A

It is a substance which is naturally synthesised by the body and can be optimised from the diet and supplementation

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2
Q

What is the concept of orthomolecular compounds?

A

The idea that creating an optimal nutritional environment in the body will reduce disease.

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3
Q

Who coined the term orthomolecular?

A

Linus Pauling

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4
Q

What dietary & lifestyle factors might accelerate the ageing process?

A

Free radical exposure - smoking, too much sun
Chronic inflammation- high sugar/processed diet, poor sleep, stress
Toxic exposure- heavy metals, BPA

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5
Q

What factors reduce Co Q10 in the body?

A

Ageing
Drugs- statins
Smoking
Cardiovascular disease

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6
Q

What food sources provide Co Q10?

A 
Peanuts
Sesame seeds
Olive oil
Oranges
Avocado
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7
Q

List the 5 functions of Co Q10

A

Energy production- needed for electron transport chain
Antioxidant- neutralises free radicals
Periodontal health-
Male and female fertility- protects sperm from oxidative stress
Cardio vascular health- increases superoxide dismutase which preserves the activity of nitric oxide- vasodilator

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8
Q

What is Alpha lipoid acid and what food sources is it present in?

A

Naturally occurring short chain fatty acid

Found in brassicas and red & organ meat.

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9
Q

How does ALA support energy production?

A

It is a key enzyme to convert dietary carbohydrates into energy in mitochondria in the kerb cycle

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10
Q

How does ALA function as an anti oxidant?

A

Fat soluble a& water soluble antioxidant that can regulate other antioxidants.
It up regulates the expression of glutathione.

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11
Q

List 4 additional functions of Alpha lipoid acid.

A

It improves insulin sensitivity
It is a metal chelator
It reduces oxidation of the myelin sheath
It supports weight loss by suppressing appetite

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12
Q

What interactions may occur with ALA?

A

Biotin

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13
Q

What are the 2 supplemental forms of glucosamine?

A

Glucosamine-6-phosphate

N-acetyl-glucosamine

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14
Q

Which form of glucosamine supplementation is not suitable for vegans?

A

Glucosamine sulphate- derived from marine exoskeletons

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15
Q

How could supplementation with glucosamine support osteoarthritis?

A

It reduces pain comparable to NSAIDS
It slows down joint degeneration and prevents joint space narrowing
It decreases inflammation

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16
Q

How can supplemental glucosamine support IBD and intestinal permeability?

A

NAG supports the GI epithelial barrier by enhancing mucin functionality to prevent microbial over growth.
It can be used to support intestinal permeability.

17
Q

Where in the body would you find chondroiton sulphate?

A

Extracellular matrix of connective tissues

18
Q

How condition might chondroitin sulphate support?

A

Osteoarthritis

19
Q

How might chondroitin sulphate support osteoarthritis?

A

It protects cartilage from degradation by:

Reducing degradation enzymes
Decreases inflammation
Increases hyaluronic acid synthesis

20
Q

What safety considerations should we be aware of when supplementing with chondroitin sulphate?

A

Patients with asthma may have higher concentrations of chondroitin antibodies in the airway compared to people without asthma.

21
Q

What orthomolecular compound is MSM and list 5 food sources?

A

Methyl sulfonylmethane

Green leafy veg
Algae
Fruits
Veg
Grains
22
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of MSM?

A

Osteoarthritis- anti inflammatory properties
Cardio vascular health- reduces homocysteine levels
Tissue repair- helps repair GI mucosal injury
Immune modulator- Immune regulating and antioxidant properties

23
Q

What is the chemical form of betaine called?

A

Trimethylglycine

24
Q

What does betaine/TMG facilitate?.

A

It is a methyl donor facilitating conversion of homocysteine to methionine.
It can be used to support vascular endothelial health

25
Q

List 5 food sources of betaine.

A 
Beets
Wheat
Turkey
Quinoa
Spinach
26
Q

How does betaine support skeletal muscle performance?

A

It reduces fat and increases muscle mass.

27
Q

What disease can betaine support?

A

Fatty liver disease by improving liver function .

28
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of Dimethyl glycine?

A

Autism

29
Q

Where is phosphatidylserine found in the body?

A

In the human brain

30
Q

List 5 food sources of phosphatidylserine

A 
White beans
Carrots
Herring
Organ meats
Whole grain barley
31
Q

What 4 conditions can phosphatidylserine support?

A

Alzheimer’s disease- improves neural membrane functioning
improves cognitive functioning
Depression - Improves mood
ADHD- Promotes attention and reduces symptoms of ADHD
Stress & insomnia- better sleep and decreased anxiety

32
Q

What is phospatidylcholine and how is it synthesised?

A

Major structural component of cell membranes, maintaining integrity & fluidity.
It is synthesised from dietary choline.

Colleen Nutrition 1 S2 (6 decks)

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