Energy Metabolism, Control Of Food And Weight Loss Flashcards
What can energy be stored as and where?
Glycogen in muscles and liver
Fat in adipose
Describe the Thermic effect of food
Amount of energy required to digest and process the food you eat. TEF accounts for 10% of energy expenditure.
What factors can influence ATP production, Include co factors.
Toxins including poor liver detox pathways, heavy metals.
B1,2,3 Alpha lipoid acid CoQ10 Magnesium Copper
Calculate the energy provided by a snack consisting of 40g carbs, 10g fat, 20g protein & 10 g fibre
40g carbs 40x4= 160
10g fat 10x9=90
20g protein 20x4=80
10g fibre 10x2 =20
Total=350 kcal
What can impact energy production?
Sufficient nutrient intake Sufficient digestion and absorption Respiratory health Heart health Mitochondrial health Thyroid health Adrenal health Detoxification Sleep hygiene
What is the BMR and how much of total energy expenditure can it account for?
Minimum energy to sustain life- 60-75%
What factors can affect BMR?
Physical activity, stress, caffeine, injury, thyroid hormones
How can thyroid affect metabolism? What co factors are required?
Responsible for regulating metabolism by secreting hormones that control the metabolic rate of cells.
Iodine, tyrosine, zinc, selenium, and iron
Why may it not be accurate to have government guidance on calorie intake for everyone?
Calorie requirements vary from person to person, it does not take into consideration body size, muscle mass & physical activity.
Describe ketosis
Glucose intake insufficient to maintain glycogen stores, increasing cortisol and dropping insulin. This liberates excess fatty acids from adipose which leads to ketones being produced which the brain can use a source of fuel.
What is denote lipogenesis?
The metabolic pathway that synthesises fatty acids from carbohydrates
Why does fructose in particular significantly contribute to weight gain?
It does not need to go through the DNL process- the liver can convert it directly to fatty acids
Explore different factors which can impact an individuals food intake.
Cultural, sensory, emotional, hormones, climate and medications
Discuss the role of CCK in satiety
CC is stimulated by food entering the duodenum. Release of CCK stimulates release of bile from the gall bladder and release of pancreatic enzymes. Delays gastric emptying and acts off satiety receptors in the brain.
Why would meals rich in protein and fat promote satiety?
Protein and fat stimulate more CCK than carbs
