Supplementary Information

Question 1

What is the TR in MRI and how long is a TR

Answer 1

TR = time to repeat = the time to take a measure the brain once depending on the slices of the brain
usually 1-3 seconds

Question 2

what is an alpha rhythm

Answer 2

when humans close their eyes, there is an electrical signal between 8-13 Hz

Question 3

What is intra-cranial EEG and why isn’t it used by researchers today

Answer 3

A method that measures the neuron electrical changes at the cortex
Expensive and harder
Also potential breach of ethical issues

Question 4

what is the NMDA channel (ion or GPCR)

Answer 4

ion

Question 5

how much do the EEG signals have to be amplified and how strong is the raw signal usually

Answer 5

1000 - 100,000
10-100 microvolts

Question 6

what is the sample frequency range of EEG

Answer 6

256-1024 Hz

Question 7

what does inactive neurotransmitters mean

Answer 7

they don’t have a corresponding receptor on the post-synaptic cell therefore does not effect

Question 8

what are the components that are removed by ICA

Answer 8

EOG
EMG
ECG

Question 9

what is ERP and the change and where

Answer 9

a 10 mV negative shift of potential
in 80-100 ms
in the central electrodes

Question 10

Explain T1 and T2 weighted images

Answer 10

Depends on the recovery rate of the protons

T1-weighted
protons in fat have a faster recovery rate than CSF > stronger signal = white

T2 weighted
protons in fat have a higher decay rate than CSF > weaker signal = grey

Question 11

Phase-encoding gradient affects the __ axis whilst the frequency encoding gradient affects the __ axis

Answer 11

y axis, x axis

Question 12

Describe the action of the oval and round window when there is soundwave

Answer 12

oval window bulges in and round window bulges out

Question 13

What is NO synthesised from and what are the two gasses that can serve as neurotransmitters

Answer 13

Arginine
nitric oxide and carbon monoxide

Question 14

Describe the functional organisation of the V1

Answer 14

Blobs within the V1 = for colours
2-3 layers: input from the koniocellular layers

4 layer: input from both the magnocellular (rapid changes) and parvocellular layers (colour)

layer 2-4 input from the LGN pathways (as mentioned) and layer 3 releases signals to other brain regions

Question 15

Explain hierarchical feed forward model

Answer 15

leaving V1, the neurones and brain regions start to be more specific for one aspect of the visual perception (motion, colour) etc.
A lot of feedback and interactions

Question 16

what are some of the usages of NMDA receptors

Answer 16

learning, memory, perception and synaptic plasticity

Question 17

what are the symptoms that can be alleviated by therapeutical and medical cannabis

Answer 17

asthma, decrease eye pressure, epilepsy
mild sclerosis, epilepsy, pain

Question 18

what is the minimum unit size that is required for signals of the EEG to be measured

Answer 18

At least 10,000 neurones with either (negative) bipole pointing to the scalp