Supplementary Information

Question 1

when can the development of the CNS support learning

Answer 1

last 3 months of pregnancy

Question 2

when does the brain start to develop in the fetus

Answer 2

2-3 weeks after conception

Question 3

when does myelination and the rapid growth of dendrites start and end

Answer 3

starts around 7 month in pregnancy and ends in early adulthood
rapid growth of dendrites also start at 7 months

Question 4

when does apoptosis and synaptogenesis start and end

Answer 4

around 16-20 weeks till adolescence

Question 5

what is a codon

Answer 5

three mRNA as a base

Question 6

what is the development in the concrete operational stage

Answer 6

ability to think logically (i.e., ability to manipulate internal mental representations)

Question 7

what does conflicting in early adolescence mean

Answer 7

conflicting abstract descriptors which lead to conflict of self

Question 8

what does generalise others mean in societal stage of role taking

Answer 8

generalising others in the same group would do the same

Question 9

three examples of emotional support

Answer 9

support when unpleasant, celebrating joyful events, providing support when going through transition

Question 10

what are the consequences in attachment patterns

Answer 10

infant: level of cooperation at home
adolescence: willingness to seek and receive help from teacher
adulthood: bring the attachment pattern to the child

Question 11

what are the three measures that could reduce deviant acts of adolescence

Answer 11

targeting specific crime
increase patrol
increase arrest

Question 12

what are the four elements of autism and attacks on previous autism and ToM research

Answer 12

> hyper-neuron links make the brain feels like the world is an intense place
preference use of literal language
comfort in specific rules
strong interest in specific item

> specificity
universality
predictability
replication

Question 13

What are the tasks that were done in fMRI that prove the brain is activating in a system when in comes to words and interpretation

Answer 13

vocabulary tasks
word identification tasks
rhythming tasks
sentence verification

Question 14

what are the three elements of systemic phonics instruction

Answer 14

letter-sound
pre-planned letter sound
association in a text

Question 15

when does the embryo start to move

Answer 15

5-6 weeks after conception

Question 16

when does vocab spurt happen

Answer 16

first word: 8-14 months
vocab spurt: 14-24 months

Question 17

Explain the three elements in results

Answer 17

descriptive statistics:
> Describe the distribution between the variables
reporting inference statistics:
> Describe the tests used in the study and the results
describing inference statistics
> Describe what do the results mean

Question 18

3 stages of the growth of neurons

Answer 18

0-4 weeks: neurulation
4-12 weeks: neural proliferation
12 weeks till birth: neural migration

Question 19

what is linguistics feedback hypothesis

Answer 19

CDS is beneficial to children learning language

Question 20

What are the three elements that affects the motor development of the infant

Answer 20

Physical and social: climate, house size
Parental: care vs autonomy
daily activities: playing surface, clothings