Self Concept Flashcards
What is self-concept and its importance
> A conceptual framework, formed by 3 elements, that shapes who I am (contains of attitudes and thoughts)
Importance
self regulate all of our behaviours in different circumstances.
the understanding of ourselves inform what should we do under different circumstances
make decisions of our own goals and behaviours
What are the three elements of self-concept framework
Material self = physical self = express self through physical materials and objects
Social self = shape ourselves through social interactions with others.
Spiritual self = internal self = the internal beliefs and values that we possess (takes the longest time to shape and most rigid.)
Stages and characteristics of the growth of self-concept
Infancy (0-1)
> Hard to tell. Probable indications from gaze
Toddlerhood (1-3)
> By the use of pronouns and body movements (understand the use of the body can express who self is)
Early childhood (3-5)
> Observable indicators (fast). Unrealistic optimisms (i am the fastest in the world)
Middle childhood (6-9)
> Ability to compare with individuals (I am faster than Daniel). Realistic optimisms
Late childhood (9-11)
> Ability to make social comparisons (I am the fastest). Others perception towards themselves (My classmates think that I am the fastest). Gaining values and devaluing
Early adolescence (12-14)
> egocentric (nobody understands me as I don’t understand myself either). Abstract descriptors. Conflict (emotionally and different selves in different contexts)
Late adolescence (15-18)
> integration of abstract descriptors.
Steps of learning according to social learning theory
> Observe what others do
Observe what others will respond/react to the action
Try it themselves and see how it feels
If there is no punishment and feels good = learn this behaviour
Experiments that support this view
Bandura doll experiment
> Children tend to learn the aggressive acts if the adult is incentivised
> Less aggression if the adult is penalised
Learning aggression experiment
> 12 months: some aggressive acts
> 24 months: peak of aggression (as if testing the limit)
> 36 months: drop of aggression
> shows that not only aggression can be learnt, but also non-aggressive acts
what is role taking
practising awareness of others in different perspectives and understand that they have different feelings, thoughts and behaviours.
5 stages of role taking
3-6 (egocentric)
> hard to understand others’ perspectives
6-8 (subjective)
> only understands others’ perspective if they have relevant information
8-10 (self-reflective)
> Recognises different perspectives = different motivations
10-12 (mutual)
> Recognises an event can have different perspectives, and they are driven by motivations.
12+ (societal)
> Able to make comparisons of self to others to ‘generalise others’
Difference between I and self
I = non shareable
self = the self that is presented to others in different context
Which development model starts at stage 0
role taking model
