Emotion

Question 1

What are the six elements that make up emotions

Answer 1

physiological responses
neural responses
cognitive (thoughts)
emotional expression
desire to take actions
subjective feelings

Question 2

Four schools of emotions

Answer 2

Discrete emotion
Functionalists
Cognitive approach
Dynamic approach

Question 3

Explain how does the cognitive framework work

Answer 3

Antecedent = the action
primary appraisal = the appraisal that is raised by physiological and neural responses, and also cognitive thoughts to answer the question of “what is going on?”

Secondary arousal = the appraisal that is raised by emotions, desire to take actions and also the subjective feelings of the antecedent to answer the question of “what should I do?”

Actions = communicating/ expressing the desired outcome

Question 4

Define emotion regulation

Answer 4

Conscious and unconscious processes used to manipulate, monitor and modulate emotional expressions and experiences, in order to maintain the stable of a relationship

Question 5

Stages of emotional regulation development

Answer 5

infancy:
rely on caregivers regulation
limited behavioural strategies (e.g., self soothe and avert gaze)

toddlerhood:
embracing and the emergence of new emotions

early/mid childhood:
behavioural strategies (e.g., distraction)
cognitive strategies (e.g., negotiating/discussing the emotion with others, understanding)

late childhood:
cognitive strategies (e.g., think of the shared goals and incentives, more aware of external rules and regulations)

Adolescence:
affected by puberty

Question 6

explain temperament

Answer 6

temperament is every individual’s unique way to react and respond to emotions
reactivity = arousal pattern
self-regulation = how to react to the reactivity

Question 7

what are the three key findings on the temperament experiment

Answer 7

1. temperament is relatively stable but can be changed
2. temperament affects the development of children (learning issues, mental heath, adjustment issue)
3. early intervention can help alleviate the mentioned issues.

Question 8

name the development issues that children with difficult temperament may have

Answer 8

adjustment problem, mental health issues, learning problems