Superpowers eq2

Question 1

Role of IGOs in Geopolitical Stability

Answer 1

• IGOs, especially the United Nations (UN), help maintain global peace and stability.
• The UN was formed after WWII and had 193 members by 2016.
• It focuses on: Peacekeeping, Human rights, Economic and social development, Humanitarian aid

Question 2

The UN Security Council and Peacekeeping

Answer 2

• Has 15 members (5 permanent: USA, UK, France, China, Russia) with veto power.
• Was less effective during the Cold War due to vetoes.
• Since 1991, it’s been more active, authorizing missions in Kuwait, Bosnia, and Congo.

Question 3

The International Court of Justice (ICJ)

Answer 3

• Based in The Hague, it’s the UN’s judicial branch.
• Handles disputes between countries (not individuals or companies).
• 15 judges represent different global regions

Question 4

The UN and Climate Change

Answer 4

• Through UN Climate Conferences (since 1995), it works on reducing global emissions.
• The 2015 Paris Agreement was a major achievement with 55 countries agreeing to reduce emissions.
• Challenges include political issues—e.g., USA and Australia undermining efforts.
• In 2016, the UK signed, but US President Trump’s election was seen as a setback due to his climate change denial.