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geography paper 2 > globalisation EQ2 > Flashcards

globalisation EQ2 Flashcards

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1
Q

the first wave of globalisation

A

the movement of manufacturing from europe and the USA to many asian countries

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2
Q

the second wave of globalisation

A

the outsourcing of services from europe to the USA to many asian countries

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3
Q

benefits of Chinas global shift

A
  • investment in infastructure eg airport
  • decreased unemployment and reduced poverty
  • TNCs invest in training and improve skills
  • improved technology
  • comulative causation
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4
Q

costs of Chinas global shift

A
  • loss of farmland
  • increase in informal housing
  • pollution,health problems, water shortages
  • loss in biological productivity (land degradation)
  • exploitation of resources
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5
Q

outsourcing of services to India

Bangalore - costs and benefits

A
  • cost effective and efficient (IT hubs)
  • skilled workforce
  • footloose
  • tech city offering educational and economic liberalisation
  • software technology parks
  • incfreased ocsts and reduced loyalty (con to TNCs)
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6
Q

impacts of global shift on UK and USA

A
  • deindustrialisation can elad to deprivation eg Leister
  • unemployment and depopulation affected Newcastle
  • dereliction and contamination in Sheffield
  • Detroit had major decline for cars
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7
Q

migration

A

the movement of a person or persons from one place to another involving a permenant (1 year or more) chamge of adress

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8
Q

net migration

A

the balance between immigration and emigration

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9
Q

types of migrant

A
  • displaced persons
  • voluntary migrants
  • illegal migrants
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10
Q

displaced persons

A
  • refugees/asylum seekers
  • temporary stay
  • citizenship or repatriation
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11
Q

voluntary migrants

A
  • economic migrants
  • weeks or years
  • returns to own country
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12
Q

illegal migrants

A
  • voluntary or criminal
  • staying until discovered
  • forced deportation
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13
Q

Lee’s model of migration

A

origin –> intervening obstacles –> destination

push factors
- lack of jobs
- war
- natural disaster

pull factors:
- lifestyle
- weather
- jobs

obstacles:
- cost
- familt
- visas

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14
Q

internal migration

A

migration within a country:
- rural to urban
- urban to rural
- inter-urban (different cities)
- intra-urban (same city)
- transmigration (forced)

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15
Q

positive economic impacts for country of origin

A
  • benefits from remittances sent home
  • upon arrival brings new skills like language
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16
Q

negative economic impacts for country of origin

A
  • loss of young workforce
  • reduce inward investment by private companies
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17
Q

positive social impacts for country of origin

A
  • better facilities
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18
Q

negative social impacts for country of origin

A
  • marriage rates fall as family structures break down
  • increased dependancy raet as young workforce leaves
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19
Q

political impacts for country of origin

A

policies to encourage imimigration to counteract outflow

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20
Q

positive economic impacts for host country

A
  • migrants take up undesireable jobs that need filling
  • costs of retirement can be transfereed to origin country
21
Q

negative economic impacts for host country

A

much money earnt by migrants isnt spent in host country

22
Q

positive soical impacts for host country

A
  • encourage learning new languages, helps people work internationally
  • creation of multi-ethnic society increases understanding
23
Q

negative social impacts for host country

A
  • discrimination
  • pressure of services like healthcare
24
Q

political impacts for host country

A

entrenchment of attitudes may encourage fundamentalism

25
Q

step migration

A

move from place to place eg Melilla (Morocco) which is spanish territory but in Africa so poeple can go there and claim asylum

26
Q

where do asylum applicants go to in the EU?

A
  • sweden
  • germany
  • greece
  • hungary
27
Q

where do the worlds asylum applicants go?

A
  • germany
  • US
  • UK
  • France
28
Q

Cuba- cultural erosion

positives

A
  • GDP spent on healthcare and education
  • attractive culture to tourists
  • preserved natural environments
  • diverse
  • reduction of deforestation
29
Q

Cuba- cultural erosion

negatives

A
  • lost trade to USA allies
  • food shortages
  • low investment levels
  • lack of spending on transport
  • poorly manufactured housing
  • lack of technology
30
Q

migration to Quatar

A
  • foreign migrants make up 88% of the population
  • UK based construction compnies eg Hyder
31
Q

conditions facing migrants in Quatar

A
  • human rights abuse
  • 1200 workers died for world cup stadium
  • modern slavery
32
Q

what makes up the culture of a place?

A
  • traditions
  • norms and values
  • religion
  • language
  • art
33
Q

cultural diffusion

A

spread of cultural ideas and way of life to another area
- cultural imperialism
- westernisation

34
Q

cultural erosion

A

loss or dilution of a culture

35
Q

TNC impact on culture

A

selected global brands explain how they influence culture around the world eg apple spread digital communications

36
Q

media impact on culture

A

global media changed attitudes towards marginalised groups eg disability and the paralympics

37
Q

diets impact on culture

A

diets are changing eg China are eatign more poultry and beef due to changes in cooking which increases methane

38
Q

tourism impacts on culture

A

+preservation of cultural heritage
+revival of traditional arts
-loss of cultural character
-potential misunderstandings and conflict

39
Q

migration impact on culture

A
  • cross cultural exchange
  • can loose character
  • westernisation
  • ethnic enclaves
40
Q

hyper-globalisers

A
  • globalisation is a succesful process
  • cultures and economies become mroe integrated
  • leads to homogenous cultures
41
Q

transformationalists

A
  • dynamic responses to globalisation
  • not inevitable that all culture will become homogenous
  • cultures will change but in different ways
  • hybrid cultures may evolve
42
Q

sceptics

A
  • globalisation is is profound in global economies and reflects interdependance
  • marginalisation not destruction of poorer groups
43
Q

indigenous peoples

A

minority in the population with their own characteristcs eg language and territory eg the Inuit of the Arctic

44
Q

uncontacted Amazon tribe

A
  • globalisation puts pressure on rainforest like illegal logging
  • violence/conflict
  • contact with virus or disease can wipe out tribes like common cold
45
Q

cultural survival

A

NGO that protects indigenous people

46
Q

world social forum

A

collection of NGOs who focus on developing countries that dont benefit from globalisation

  • oppose globalisation
  • unequal impacts
  • huge divide between rich and poor
47
Q

world economic forum (Davos)

A

elite group of 2500 business leaders, who make decisions on FDI and trade

  • pro globalisation
  • improve the state of the world
  • drive economic growth
48
Q

Bougainville

A
  • 2019 referendem to gain independance from Papau New Guini
  • distinct culture
  • civil war for 10 years
  • Australia and UK exploited mines
49
Q

global influence in Papau New Guini

cultural erosion

A
  • Under colonial rule PNG experienced political, social and conomic integration.
  • supressed tribal warfare by missionaries spreding western views
  • villages forced to be plantation workers
  • decrease of native language from cross-cultura marriage

geography paper 2 (7 decks)

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