globalisation EQ2 Flashcards
the first wave of globalisation
the movement of manufacturing from europe and the USA to many asian countries
the second wave of globalisation
the outsourcing of services from europe to the USA to many asian countries
benefits of Chinas global shift
- investment in infastructure eg airport
- decreased unemployment and reduced poverty
- TNCs invest in training and improve skills
- improved technology
- comulative causation
costs of Chinas global shift
- loss of farmland
- increase in informal housing
- pollution,health problems, water shortages
- loss in biological productivity (land degradation)
- exploitation of resources
outsourcing of services to India
Bangalore - costs and benefits
- cost effective and efficient (IT hubs)
- skilled workforce
- footloose
- tech city offering educational and economic liberalisation
- software technology parks
- incfreased ocsts and reduced loyalty (con to TNCs)
impacts of global shift on UK and USA
- deindustrialisation can elad to deprivation eg Leister
- unemployment and depopulation affected Newcastle
- dereliction and contamination in Sheffield
- Detroit had major decline for cars
migration
the movement of a person or persons from one place to another involving a permenant (1 year or more) chamge of adress
net migration
the balance between immigration and emigration
types of migrant
- displaced persons
- voluntary migrants
- illegal migrants
displaced persons
- refugees/asylum seekers
- temporary stay
- citizenship or repatriation
voluntary migrants
- economic migrants
- weeks or years
- returns to own country
illegal migrants
- voluntary or criminal
- staying until discovered
- forced deportation
Lee’s model of migration
origin –> intervening obstacles –> destination
push factors
- lack of jobs
- war
- natural disaster
pull factors:
- lifestyle
- weather
- jobs
obstacles:
- cost
- familt
- visas
internal migration
migration within a country:
- rural to urban
- urban to rural
- inter-urban (different cities)
- intra-urban (same city)
- transmigration (forced)
positive economic impacts for country of origin
- benefits from remittances sent home
- upon arrival brings new skills like language
negative economic impacts for country of origin
- loss of young workforce
- reduce inward investment by private companies
positive social impacts for country of origin
- better facilities
negative social impacts for country of origin
- marriage rates fall as family structures break down
- increased dependancy raet as young workforce leaves
political impacts for country of origin
policies to encourage imimigration to counteract outflow
positive economic impacts for host country
- migrants take up undesireable jobs that need filling
- costs of retirement can be transfereed to origin country
negative economic impacts for host country
much money earnt by migrants isnt spent in host country
positive soical impacts for host country
- encourage learning new languages, helps people work internationally
- creation of multi-ethnic society increases understanding
negative social impacts for host country
- discrimination
- pressure of services like healthcare
political impacts for host country
entrenchment of attitudes may encourage fundamentalism
step migration
move from place to place eg Melilla (Morocco) which is spanish territory but in Africa so poeple can go there and claim asylum
where do asylum applicants go to in the EU?
- sweden
- germany
- greece
- hungary
where do the worlds asylum applicants go?
- germany
- US
- UK
- France
Cuba- cultural erosion
positives
- GDP spent on healthcare and education
- attractive culture to tourists
- preserved natural environments
- diverse
- reduction of deforestation
Cuba- cultural erosion
negatives
- lost trade to USA allies
- food shortages
- low investment levels
- lack of spending on transport
- poorly manufactured housing
- lack of technology
migration to Quatar
- foreign migrants make up 88% of the population
- UK based construction compnies eg Hyder
conditions facing migrants in Quatar
- human rights abuse
- 1200 workers died for world cup stadium
- modern slavery
what makes up the culture of a place?
- traditions
- norms and values
- religion
- language
- art
cultural diffusion
spread of cultural ideas and way of life to another area
- cultural imperialism
- westernisation
cultural erosion
loss or dilution of a culture
TNC impact on culture
selected global brands explain how they influence culture around the world eg apple spread digital communications
media impact on culture
global media changed attitudes towards marginalised groups eg disability and the paralympics
diets impact on culture
diets are changing eg China are eatign more poultry and beef due to changes in cooking which increases methane
tourism impacts on culture
+preservation of cultural heritage
+revival of traditional arts
-loss of cultural character
-potential misunderstandings and conflict
migration impact on culture
- cross cultural exchange
- can loose character
- westernisation
- ethnic enclaves
hyper-globalisers
- globalisation is a succesful process
- cultures and economies become mroe integrated
- leads to homogenous cultures
transformationalists
- dynamic responses to globalisation
- not inevitable that all culture will become homogenous
- cultures will change but in different ways
- hybrid cultures may evolve
sceptics
- globalisation is is profound in global economies and reflects interdependance
- marginalisation not destruction of poorer groups
indigenous peoples
minority in the population with their own characteristcs eg language and territory eg the Inuit of the Arctic
uncontacted Amazon tribe
- globalisation puts pressure on rainforest like illegal logging
- violence/conflict
- contact with virus or disease can wipe out tribes like common cold
cultural survival
NGO that protects indigenous people
world social forum
collection of NGOs who focus on developing countries that dont benefit from globalisation
- oppose globalisation
- unequal impacts
- huge divide between rich and poor
world economic forum (Davos)
elite group of 2500 business leaders, who make decisions on FDI and trade
- pro globalisation
- improve the state of the world
- drive economic growth
Bougainville
- 2019 referendem to gain independance from Papau New Guini
- distinct culture
- civil war for 10 years
- Australia and UK exploited mines
global influence in Papau New Guini
cultural erosion
- Under colonial rule PNG experienced political, social and conomic integration.
- supressed tribal warfare by missionaries spreding western views
- villages forced to be plantation workers
- decrease of native language from cross-cultura marriage
