Superpowers EQ1

Question 1

Superpower

Answer 1

A nation with the ability to project its influence anywhere and be a global dominant force.

Question 2

Hyper power

Answer 2

An unchallenged superpower with complete global dominance.

Question 3

Emerging power

Answer 3

Influence is growing usually have both strengths and weaknesses.

Question 4

Regional power

Answer 4

Small and influence on a continental scale.

Question 5

The 6 sources of power?

Answer 5

Economic
Democratic
Political 
Natural resources 
Cultural 
Military

Question 6

What is the economic source of power?

Answer 6

Prerequisite of power.

Essential in maintaining military and development of people and accessing resources.

Question 7

What is the military source of power?

Answer 7

Having access to nuclear weapons, blue water navy and a good airforce.
Help achieve goals by force and threats.

Question 8

What is the cultural source of power?

Answer 8

Having an appealing ideology and values.

Question 9

What is the natural resource source of power?

Answer 9

Access to fossil fuels and land change.

Also good education skills and health.

Question 10

What is the political source of power?

Answer 10

Leading the way in diplomacy and influencing others.

Question 11

What is Hard power?

Answer 11

Using force to essentially get your own way.

• military action/threat
• economic sanctions
• getting alliances to marginalise

Question 12

What is soft power?

Answer 12

Power of persuasion and attractiveness.

• attract ideologies
• moral authority

Question 13

What is economic power?

Answer 13

In between soft and hard.

• economic aid/development
• signing agreements to increase economic ties

Question 14

What is smart power?

Answer 14

Combination between hard and soft.

Question 15

How is smart power more effective?

Answer 15

• military action can be seen as unnecessary and risky therefore can loosing moral authority
• war is expensive
• military won’t always get results expected
• soft power alone is cheap but ideologies need to be attractive
• soft can spread easily

Question 16

What power mechanisms were used in the past?

Answer 16

Large land area was seen as important to power.
Control of natural resources.
Military action was common.

Question 17

What was the heartland theory and how was it influential?

Answer 17

Contained part of Eurasia.
Influential because:
-showed power was created by containment.
-reinforced the fact control of resources was essential.

Question 18

Why and how have power mechanisms changed?

Answer 18

• trade means that control of natural resources no longer essential.
• war and conflict seen as abnormal but was once important in maintaining power.
• land area doesn’t matter as military resources(drones,missiles) make it easier to enter a country.

Question 19

Examples of hard power still existing(2)

Answer 19

• gulf war 1991-2003 USA invaded Iraq to secure oil supplies and other things.
• Russia’s annexation of Crimea meant EU etc imposed economic sanctions on Russia.

Question 20

What was an example of imperial power?

Answer 20

British empire - Britain controlled 25% land and 20% population

Question 21

What does an empire rely on?

Answer 21

• businesses to exploit resources
• army to conquer and control
• navy to transport and protect
• ships to transport goods
• people to act as government to control

Question 22

Why did colonies eventually end? (3)

Answer 22

Post WW2 reconstruction more important.
Too expensive to run.
Many anti-colonial protests for independence (eg. India)

Question 23

Example of an indirect power?

Answer 23

The Cold War: 
Series of proxy wars - 
-Vietnam war
-Cuban missile crisis 
-Korean war 
Many countries allied with either US or USSR

Question 24

Uni-polar and evaluation

Answer 24

-dominated by one hyper power
Evaluation
-stable but cannot deal with everything at the same time and be everywhere

Question 25

Bi-polar and evaluation

Answer 25

Two powers with equal influence dominate
Evaluation
-cause tensions
-high risk

Question 26

Multi-polar and evaluation

Answer 26

Many equal powers less global influence.
Evaluation
-cause power vacuum = world war 2 nazi Germany
-no one prepared to stop them

Question 27

What will emerging powers want in the future? (4)

Answer 27

More involvement in peacekeeping missions.
Demand more say in global organisations. (India UN Security Council)
More say in global decision making.
Account for 42% of global emissions (Kyoto protocol and Paris agreement)

Question 28

What is rostows modernisation theory? And an evaluation.

Answer 28

Help consider how some nations become wealthy and powerful.
Pre-industrial societies develop slowly until certain condition are met:
-raw material access
-key infrastructure
-tech and education
-governance
Evaluation - only describes economic change.

Question 29

What is frank’s Dependency theory?

Answer 29

Periphery countries provide services to core countries:
-brain drain (labour)
-commodities
-manufactured goods
Superpowers gain wealth by exploiting an example of neo-colonialism therefore periphery stay under developed.

Question 30

What is Worlds systems theory?

Answer 30

Global system of core, semi-periphery and periphery nations.
-core use semi for SEZs
-periphery provide materials
Seen as an analysis of pattern of wealth rather than an explanation.

Question 31

Core country

Answer 31

EU USA etc

Question 32

Semi-periphery

Answer 32

Emerging NICs China India

Question 33

Periphery

Answer 33

Developing countries